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Vol. XIX, No. 2
137
The special attributes of soul like conation (darsana), knowledge (Jnana), bliss (Sukha), etc. distinguished it from non-soul General implication of such attributes is termed as consciousness. Jaina Philosophy believes in sensuous (mati) and perceptual (sruta) types of knowledge, 1he non-difference of clarirvoyance (ayadhi), perfect knowledge (kevel Jnana), and telepathy (Manah paryaya). Consciousness can not be found in a collection of matter, though the senses are constituted of matter and apprehend things severally. They cannot give rise to unity of consciousness. The self knows by the self (that), real dharma is self-searching. The self does this in such a way that he becomes the attainer of self caused happiness. Soul and Consciousness :
There is a very close relationship according to Jaina philosophy. Soul is a substance and consciousness is its differentiating characteristics. Both are found together. Consciousness is also referred as Jivattya, the attribute of Jiva Consciousness has been said to be of two kinds i.e. conation and knowledge. Both of them are prehensions of the objects by the subject. Jaina thinkers believe that conation and knowledge are two distinct attributes. The Karma theory gives two categories of Karmas to obscure the faculties of conation and knowledge.
The conation means the first attempt in the form of perception of the self, which is the cause of generation of succeeding knowledge. After conation the detailed comprehension of the external things is knowledge. Conation is first psychic stage which determines the process of knowledge, whereas knowledge exists as a number of psychic evenis in the minds of knower. Knowledge is a manifestation of the soul with respect to its comprehending capacity. Jainism considered three types of direct knowledge namely; Clairvoyance (avadhi), telepathy (manahparaya) and perfect knowledge (kevalajnana). Jaina Dualism Theory:
Mind and matter are the facts of common experience.
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