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logic, Siddhasena Divakara by J. Fillozant, 2493 f.). Since then articles on Jainism have been published in several encyclopaedias (Encyclopaedia Universalis, Encylopedie de in pleiade, Histoire des religions, I, P. 1105-1145, translated into English and printed in India, in the booklet by C Caillat, A.N.Upadhye, B. Patel, Jainism, 1974).
It may be noted that in early days of 19th century, most of the authors of France and Germany pointed out the basis of similarities between Jainism and Buddhism (Burnouf, Senart, S. Levi). Hence, the question of their mutual relationship has been much debated (Barth). On the other hand, the fundamental Indian character of the two systems has also been emphasised, and the connections, the possible links between these and Brahmanism have been pointed out. Thus, though the importance of Jainism was in no way ignored (cf. the collection of manuscripts assembled by Senart, Journal Asiatique, 1936, P. 127-143), the comparative approach appears to have always fascinated the French scholars, among whom are some of the most brilliant e.g. Sylvain Levi (Religions's of India, 1953, P. 111-133).
Madame Colette Caillat further pointed out that also the histories of Indian philosophy often choose to present together to compare and oppose, the Jainas and Buddhist tenets (P. Masson-Oursel, Histoire dela philosophie indienne, 1923, part 3 and 7; the same in L'Inde antique et la civilisation Indienne, 1933, part 3, chapter 2). Moreover, various monographs jointly use the data supplied by the Scriptures of both Communities (L. Silburn, Instant et cause. disconstinu dans la pensee philosophique de l' Inde, chapter 4).
Le
As regards the refinement of Jaina art, it was described and appreciated by Guerinot and Milloue already in the brief catalogues of both the Guimet Museums (of Lyon and Paris), as it has also been portrayed in the well-known publications of Jouveau-Dubreuil concerning south Indian history and archaeology, and, more recently, in several art books. (Jaina Studies in France, 1980).
The German scholar H. Jacobi (1850-1937) is the first disciple of Weber who studied the Jaina Scripture and translated the Acārānga, Sūtrakṛtānga, Uttaradhyayana and Kalpasūtra in English published under the Sacred Books of the East Series. On the basis of Pali and Buddhist literature, he proved that Jainism was in existence carlier than Buddhism. His students Schubring, Irtal, Alsdorf and others have followed his footsteps and worked on Jainism a lot.
The French scholars Renou and Mme paid a visit to Rajaldesar (Bikaner) in 1949, Then Renou had written a paper on the Terapanthi
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