________________
452
a way that the value aspect of a total gestalt is experienced indistinctly. The whole of an anticipated symphony, festival, or marriage is idealized as valuable. And awareness of the interdependence of parts and whole of such events is often experienced as multiple-enriched variegations as well as a unitary grandeur. Analysis of intrinsic value into four kinds is a sterile exercise if one fails to recognize that, in actual awareness, such values ordinarily exist as aspectival permeations of complex perceptual and anticipatory experiences. The "intrinsic value paradox" occurs in experience as paradoxical only if such values are first regarded as isolated entities to be sought as such, rather than as aspectival emergents pervading intricate dynamic gestalts. For the Organicist, that intrinsic values are to be found organically embedded within a perceptual-conceptualmemory-anticipation context is something to be expected. The paradox appears only when one mistakes what is organically interdependent as if it were, or should be, isolatable and independent.
BEAUTY
"Beauty," says George Santayana, "is constituted by the objectification of pleasure. It is pleasure objectified." 12 Organicism agrees, except that it extends objectification of feeling (empathy or einfühlung) to include feelings of enthusiasm, satisfaction, contentment, and organic enjoyment. That is, not only do we project the sweetness tasted in our mouth into the cake on the plate before us, but also project the intrinsic value intuited in our eagerness for an objective, such as tomorrow's party, as if in the object, and integrate the object achieved, such as a new house, with our feeling of satisfaction, and extend our feeling of contentment into our environment and even, at times, as if into the whole universe when we have become completely pacified; and organic enjoyment may include a variegated assortment of objectifications, as when reveling in a carnival, or retain a steady object, such as our beloved during conjugal orgasm.
ARCHIE J. BAHM
The aesthetic consists in intuition of intrinsic value, and beauty consists in objectification of the aesthetic.
Objectification seldom occurs as mere objectification. Experience, and consequently aesthetic experience, is characterized by organic unity.13 But organic unity is not merely an objective unity, which I described earlier: "Organic unity is incomplete unity and also incomplete plurality. Organic unity solves the problem of the one and the many by consisting both at the same time of oneness and manyness, sameness and difference, unity and disunity." 14 It involves also a subjective unity-and-plurality, or at least a subject continuingly attentive through many successive acts of attention, which remains organically unified with such objective unity. The intuited objectification of value which constitutes beauty is never freed from the subject which objectifies, even though, like the glasses through which we see, subjectivity may become so transparent as to remain practically oblivious. Beauty is not something merely in the eye of the beholder, even though without the eye there is no beauty.
Some gorgeous sunsets and some works of Michelangelo are "really beautiful." "Really," here, means that the intrinsic value experienced appears to be "out there" in the object. The more fully a self appears to itself to be dependent upon what appears as objective to contribute to its experienced enjoyment, the more it tends to regard it as real, i.e., as existing independent of such experienced enjoyment, and as being the locus as well as source of the value enjoyed. Doubtless there are eon-long historical, biological conditions causing a self to project and reify its values in this way. Pragmatic justification of the seeming reality of experiences of beauty is often attained when people agreeably compare experiences of intrinsic-value projicience in the presence of the same physical things. Comparisons based on compared feelings of contentment, satisfaction, and enthusiasm, as well as pleasure, provide a richer, and seemingly sounder, basis for judgments that an ap
