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The Temples in Kumbhariya
Svetāmbara sect by the fourth century A.D. in southern Gujarat and eastern Saurāṣtra, from the earlier northern Nirgrantha sect which, of course, used to worship nude Jina images as is clear from the Mathurā instances of Saka, Kuşāņa, and Gupta period.
The Kumbhāriyā image is flanked by vyālas, the lower ends show standing camaradharas and the seated figures of an ārādhaka and an ārādhikā, representing perhaps the lay followers who got the image made. The style of the figures accord with the date. The upper part also is carved in conformity with the 11th century conventions. The flying mālādhara class of vidyādharas with their consorts are noticeable near the Jina's head: and above is the triple umbrella flanked by Hiranyendras riding on elephants, next are a pair of celestials flanking the conch-blowing sankhapāla at the apex of the umbrella.
220 By contrast, the parikara details of the image dated S.1214/A.D. 1158 is much
more regimented. The main kāyotsarga figure of Jina Supārsvanātha was 221. mutilated and repaired as in the last case, and whatever is said in that context
is applicable to this instance as well. Besides the standing camaradharas and the seated adorer figures at the flanks of the Jina are carved 16 Vidyādevīs, eight on each of its flanks. The details of the upper part is according to the Maru-Gurjara style and conventions but the figures are accommodated in a more compressed and much too formal manner. However, the semi-circular sub-pedestal below the inscribed flat pedestal shows figures of vyālas and elephants set within the loops of a creeper which are in good relief and interesting from the standpoint of execution. Typologically, the rendering is a continuation of the depiction of the motif on the surlintels of the lateral ceilings in the satcatuṣkya of the sāntinātha temple.
222 A similar sub-pedestal of a standing Jina image (one of the pair) dated
& S. 1314/ A.D. 1258 continues the tradition of carving noticed in the foregoing 223. illustration, the quality within a century, however, has deteriorated. This is
also the case of the corresponding example dated to A.D. 1258.
224.
An image of Jina Vāsupujya in a niche of the gūdhamandapa of the Sambhavanātha seems of the late 13th century date. The images showing Tirthankara Vāsupūjya sitting underneath the campaka tree came into popularity in the latter half of the 13th century as is clear from the examples in
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