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maturation, but not when the defilements have been taken way, nor when the seed-status of the defilements has been burnt by discrimination. And this maturation is in three ways: birth, life-force, enjoyment”). Akşapāda also says: Activity does not tend to renewal on the part of one whose defilements have lapsed"). Having thus confuted the followers of the view of the mentally crippled ") Siva-räjarsi, in the second half he celebrates as faultless the doctrine of unlimited souls, of which the Holy One was author, in, 'The corporation of six', etc. But thou, O Lord! in that manner; of infinite number, furnished with a special number), termed infinite; the corporation of six kinds of soul: called living souls, because they lived, do live, and will live; furnished with senses, etc., cognition, etc., the state of substance, maintenance of life-breath. Of these the corporation, the mass; by the sutra "In regard to collection which has nothing above it" ?), from root ci the suffix ghani, and instead of the initial ka is used: is the corporation of living souls, earthen, etc. The sum total of the six corporations of living souls 8) is the 'six-souled-corporation'; neuter, because we see 'pātra, etc.''). Or else, of six kinds of living souls 'the corporations', the collections of each, is the 'six corporations of souls', that assemblage of the six (kinds of) souls defined as earth, water, fire, air, trees, mobile creatures. So, in that manner; didst state, described with limits; (233): as, in what way there is no fault, refutation; the Singular (fault) is used in view of the genus. So that other faults of the class of the previously stated pair of faults should not be manifest, so didst Thou teach infinity of souls, - that is the meaning. 'Didst state', the form with a is justified in the root khyā preceded by the preposition än 10). And the 'Thou!), singular, indicates that to the world-guru alone, singular, belongs the capacity for describing such, and not to the doctors of other seets.
Of earth, etc., again a being souls is to be thus established: As earth in the form of coral rocks, etc., has selves, because on breakage there is a rising up of similar matter, like the scales of piles, etc., water in earth also has souls; because of the possibility of an own-nature of the same class as the things which regenerate after injury, as in the case of a frog; the sky also has souls, because of what falls self-created in the case of disturbances to clouds, like fishes, etc.; fire also has souls, because we see changes, such as growth, etc., through supply of sustenance, like the members of a man; air also has souls, because, when moved by something else, it has a motion sidewards, like an ox, the tree also has a soul, because we see its withering through cutting, etc., like a man's limb; and in the case of some of them because of change though sleep, the embrace of a woman etc.). Or from intelligence, as having diminution 13), is proved the possession of souls by all of them, and from the statement of authorities. And in regard to the mobile, worms, ants, bees, men, etc., there is not, on the part of any, dispute of their having souls. And how upon the Holy One's initiative there is no
*) See note ). ) Nyāya-sutra, IV. i. 64 (M. L.).
Or 'annihilation-conceiving'? Siva-rājarşi does not seem to be known.
) On the Jain distinction between 'incalculable' (asamkhyeya) and 'infinite' (ananta) number see Pravacana-sara, trans. Faddegon, Index.
) Hemacandra's Grammar, 1. iii. 80 (M. L.), explains the formation of the word kāya, 'corporation, from root ci. *) See Outlines of Jainism, pp. 8-9.
A reference to a grammatical värttika of Katyāyana (M. L.), Panini, II. i. 48 (?). 10) Hemacandra's Grammar, III. iv. 60 (M. L.), explains the formation of the word akhyas from a (Preposition) + Verb-root khyā.
") A Plural of Majesty' might have been used. 12) Supposed to induce fructification in certain trees. 13) Gradation implies evanescent stages.
