Book Title: Studies in Jainism
Author(s): Ramkrishna Mission Institute of Culture Culcutta
Publisher: Ramkrishna Mission Institute of Culture Culcutta
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ETHICO-RELIGIOUS CLASSIFICATIONS
125
Umāsvāti, too, has mentioned these classes, in his Tattvārthādhigamasutra (1II, 15) and has also indicated their various varieties, in the svopajñalo bhāṣya (pp. 265266). But he has not classified the Aryas under two heads viz. (a) Ṛddhi-prāptaand Ṛddhi-aprāpta or Amṛddhi-prāpta. These groups are however pointed out in Prajñapanāsūtra (ch. I.) where the former group is further divided into six classes viz. (1) Tirthankara, (2) Cakravartin, (3) Baladeva, (4) Vasudeva, (5) Carana and (6) Vidyadhara, and the latter into nine known as (a) kṣetra-ārya, (b) jātu-ārya, (c) kulaārya, (d) karma-ārya, (e) silpa11 -ārya, (f) bhāṣā-ārya, (g) jñāna-ārya, (h) darśana-ārya and (i) caritra-ārya. 12 Umāsvāti has mentioned only six varieties13 of the Aryas in his bhāṣya (p.265). They correspond to the first six classes of Anṛddhiprāpta Āryas. Sarvārthasiddhi strikes altogether a different note, since it mentions 7 types of the Ṛddhi-prāpta Āryas and 5 types of the Anṛddhi-prāpta Āryas.14
In the case of the Mlecchas, the number of the varieties does not seem to be fixed; for, in Prajñāpanāsūtra (I, 37) we
9. Out of a number of commentaries written on it (vide pp. 1618 of my Sanskrit Introduction to pt. I), I shall point out a few where the word Arya has been defined. They are: (1) Sarvārthasiddhi (Kolhapur, ed. p. 130), Siddhasena Gani's tīkā (p. 265) and (3) Tattvārthaślokavārtika (p. 356).
10. I have expressed my reasons of considering the bhāṣya as svopajña, in my introduction (pt. II. p. 36ff.). So it will be a matter of great pleasure, if any scholar will examine them and give his sober verdict.
11. In Jambudvipaprajñapti, we come across sippasaya. The names of the five main silpas are given in Avaśyaka-niryukti (v.207). Each is there referred to as having 20 sub-divisions; but I have not succeeded up till now in tracing their names etc. The 18 śreņis have been however discussed by me in my edition of Padmananda Mahākāvya (Gaekwad's Oriental Series No. LVIII, pp. 362, 592-593).
12. For an explanation in English the reader is referred to G.O.S. No. LI, pp. 392-393.
13. These have been elucidated by him in the bhāṣya (p. 265). 14. "अनृद्धिप्राप्तार्याः पञ्चविधा:- क्षेत्रार्या जात्यार्याः कर्मार्याश्चारित्रार्या दर्शनार्याश्चेति । ऋद्धिप्राप्तार्याः सप्तविधाः, बुद्धि-विक्रिया- तपो-बलौ-वधि-रसा ऽक्षीणभेदात् ।"
