Spiritual Discipline and Practices in Jainism

Author(s): Bhagchandra Jain
Publisher: Z_Vijyanandsuri_Swargarohan_Shatabdi_Granth_012023.pdf

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valamarana, panditamarana, balapanditamarana, chadmasthamarana, kevalimarana,
vaihayasmarana, , grddhaprasthamarana, bhaktapratyakhyanamarana,
inginimarana,
and padapopagamanamarana. 94
The Acaranga indicates the ground of the sallekhana as to when it should be observed. It says : if a monk feels - "infirmity is forcing my body to cease functioning and I cannot do my duties at the right time, he should gradually reduce his diet, and through this reduction, try to chisel his passions. After attenuating his passions, a monk who has completely subdued his emotions and has his body attenuated and passions wellcurtailed through vigorous external and internal austerities, like a weal well chiselled and evened out, and having thus prepared himself for Death Sublime (samadhimarana), should become free from attachm activities of body. 95
Death is of three types, cyuta, cyavita and tyakta. The natural death is cyuta. The death occurred by taking poison etc. is eyavita yavita and the spiritual death by observing the samadhimarana is tyakta. It is of three kinds, viz. bhaksapratyakhyanamanrana, inginimarana and prayopagamanamarana. All these three have been explained in the Acaranga.
The Pandlitamarana in the Bhagawatisutra (2.1) is divided into two kinds, viz. pavovagamana and bhattapaccakkhana. The Bhagawati Aradhana explains its three kinds, viz. i) bhaktapratyakhyana (to renounce food gradually), ii) Inginimarana (death at the decided place with renouncing food and services of others, and iii) the prayopagamana, the death which does not allow the services of oneself and others. The Svetambara tradition refers to the prayopagamana as the Padopagamanamarana, which is further divided into two, nirhari and anirhari, and savicari and avicari with different connotations in both the traditions. The Uttaradhyayanasutra also describes the death with its two kinds, sakamamarana and akamamarana. Akamamarana means the death without comprehension and sakamamarana means the death with comprehension and conduct. Sakamamarana is further divided into two, panditamarana and balapanditamarana."
Sivarya classified the death into five, viz. balamarna, bala-balamarana, panditamarana, pandita-panditamarana, and
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