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Appendix
(i) Niścaya Naya (Real point of view).
(ii) Vyavahāra Naya (Relative point of view).
Gāthā 11 of Samayasara may be considered as a stanza that provides the definitions of these two Naya. In this Gāthā, the term 'Suddha Naya' has been used as a synonym of Niścaya Naya. We find many stanzas in Samayasara (e.g., Gāthā 7, 11, 14, 27, 48, 141, 272, 324, 353, 360, 414, etc.) where we can find various aspects of these Naya.
From a sacred scripture named Pancadhyāyi, we learn that Niścaya Naya is of one kind only. However, we find further classification of Niścaya Naya in various texts (e.g., Vṛahada Dravya Samgraha, Ālāpa Paddhati, Naya Cakra, etc.). Through various texts, we learn that Niścaya Naya is of two kinds: (a) Suddha Niścaya Naya and (b) Asuddha Niścaya Naya. Further, Śuddha Niścaya Naya is of three kinds: Parama Suddha Niścaya Naya, Sākṣāta Śuddha Niścaya Naya (it is also sometimes called as Suddha Niścaya Naya), and Ekadeśa Suddha Niścaya Naya. Thus in all we have four types of Niścaya Naya:
Parama Suddha Niścaya Naya (Perfectly pure real point of view). Sākṣāta Śuddha Niścaya Naya (Explicitly pure real point of view). Ekadeśa Suddha Niścaya Naya (Partially pure real point of view).
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Asuddha Niścaya Naya (Impure real point of view).
The Suddha Naya described in stanzas 6, 7, and 14 of Samayasara can be considered as Parama Suddha Niścaya Naya. There is timelessness in the Parama Śuddha Niścaya Naya. Or, the Parama Suddha Niścaya Naya considers the time independent pure Dravya. According to the Parama Suddha Niścaya Naya, the soul belonging to Lord Mahāvīra and the soul belonging to an ant are exactly the same. This Naya does not 'see' any difference or change in any soul with time. In technical terms, this Parama Suddha Niścaya Naya ignores time dependent states (Paryāya). Furhter, the Parama Suddha Niścaya Naya sees only uncombined, un-fragmented, and invariant soul (see stanzas 7, 14, and 15 of Samayasāra). It may also be noted that the Niścaya Naya of Pancādhyāyi corresponds to the Parama Suddha Niscaya Naya.
The remaining three kinds of Niscaya Naya takes into account time dependent states of soul. Aśuddha Niścaya Naya ignores the combination of soul with body, but does not ignore the presence of distortions (Vikāra) such as anger, arrogance, deception, greed, etc., associated with soul. Terms such as angry soul, Mithyādṛṣti soul, etc., exist in the dictionary of Asuddha Niścaya Naya.
Ekadeśa Suddha Niścaya Naya focuses on the partial purity of a soul. "The soul of an enlightened householder is a Samyagdṛști soul' - this is a statement of Ekadeśa Suddha Niścaya Naya. Sākṣāta Śuddha Niścaya Naya focuses on the
