Role Of Meanings Uin Paninis Grammar

Author(s): Johannes Bronkhorst
Publisher: Johannes Bronkhorst

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THE ROLE OF MEANINGS IN PANINI'S GRAMMAR
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. At this point we must take the käraka device into account. If, in the above example, we replace semantic elements by pseudo-elements wherever possible, we get the following two groups: {<kridā> <purusa> <eka> <vartamāna> <<kartȚ>>} {<akşa> <bahu> <<karman >>}.
The difference from our earlier two groups seems negligible. Instead of <svatantra> there, we have here <<kartr>>; and for <sadhakatama> there, here we find <<karman >>. But this small difference has an important effect. Whereas the group { <akşa> <bahu> <sādhakatama>} could not, on its own, give rise to an utterance, the new group {<akşa> <bahu> <<karman>>} can. In other words, this group has gained independence. In order to derive aksán, we need nothing beyond the group { <aksa> <bahu> <<karman>>}. We do not even need to know the activity with respect to which dice, aksan, are karman.
A second example may further clarify my point. The following two sentences derive from almost the same semantic elements: 1. puruşaya krudhyamy aham 2. puruşam abhikrudhyāmy aham Indeed, both these sentences can be translated "I am angry with the man”. *The semantic elements, arranged into groups, are respectively: 1. {<puruṣa> <yam prati kopaḥ,> <eka>} {<kopa,> <asmad>
<vartamāna> <eka> <svatantra>} 2. {<puruşa> <yam prati kopaḥ"> <eka>} {<abhi> <kopa?>
<asmad> <vartamāna> <eka> <svatantra>} Index numbers are used to indicate the elements of different groups which belong together.
As was the case in our earlier example, we are here again confronted with a group of semantic elements which, by itself, is not in a position to produce a Sanskrit utterance. Here the group is:
{<puruşa> <yam prati kopaḥ> <eka>} Indeed, this single group must in one case give rise to puruşd ya, in another to puruşam. Which of these two forms is to be chosen depends entirely on the context in which our group occurs. When the verbal root expressive of anger is krudh and is employed without a preposition, the dative must be used. When this same verbal root is employed together with a preposition, the accusative is correct. This we learn from P.1.4.37-8.
Let us now use pseudo-meanings instead of real meanings wherever possible. The two sentences under discussion then appear to derive from: 1. {<puruşa> <<sampradāna>> <eka>} {<kopa> <asmad>
<vartamāna> <eka> <<karts>>}