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CONDITIONS OF EARLY EXISTENCE
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be troublesome. Hitherto the feeding-trees had supplied men and animals with enough food; but now the conditions were changing, and every one had to look for himself. The distinction of domestic and wild animals dates from Kshemankara's time.
Kshemandhara was the fourth manu who followed Kshemankara after a long interval of time. He devised weapons of wood and stone to drive away wild animals.
The next manu was Seemankara. Quarrels arose in his time over the kalpa trees, of which only a few were left now. He fixed the proprietary zones over them for different groups and communities of men. He was called Seemankara, because he had fixed the seemās (boundaries) of proprietorship.
Seemandhara was the next in order to appear. The quarrels had become more intense by his time over the disappearing kalpa vsikshas (trees). He laid the foundation of individual ownership over the trees, and he also set marks on them.
Vimalabāhana was the seventh many. He taught men how to utilise the services of domestic animals, and invented the tethering rope, the bridle and the like to keep them under control.
Chakshuşmana then appeared after the lapse of another long period of time. In his time the
