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110
RELIGION AND CULTURE OF THE JAINS
referred in the above-mentioned inscription of Dharmapala, were later descendants of the Mallas of the Mahābhārata and early Buddhist texts.
A glance over the list of the Harivaṁsa would show thai a great many names are traditional. But there are quite a few which are absent in the earlier or later lists. We have already mentioned the Khadgas whose existence were previously known only from two Bengal inscriptions. We have carefully compared this list with Sircar's exhaustive list of ancient Indian peoples given in his Cosmography and Geography in Early Indian Literatura, published in 1967, and have found the following names of Jinasena 11 missing in his list viz.-Tulinga (who, however, may be identified with Bhulinga or Tilinga of Sircar's list), 35 Āvrsta, Kuśāgra Kuniyān, Kvāthatoya, Sūra (may be a mistake for "Sūdra'), se Pravaka (probably a variant of Pravanga'), 37 Mastaka, Mänavartika (may be the same as Mallavartaka), 39 Bāņamukta, Māņava, Sakakapira, Āmsika, so Purușa (probably the same as Puruşāda),40 Mālya, Kallivanopānta, Karbūka, Kākşi, Agarta,* 1 Tāpasa, 42 Māhebha,48 Uttamavarņa, 44 Antapa, 46 Pattana, Bhanga, Saitava and Vajrakhandika.
Among the peoples which cannot even be remotely connected with those of Sircar's list the most significant is Bāņamukta. We propose to identify them with the Bāņas, a wel} known South Indian people who played an important role in the political affairs of the South for quite a few centuries. *e
35 Op. cit., p. 73. 36 Loc. cit. 37 See Sircar, op. cit., p. 77. 38 Loc. cit. 39 Probably they are the same as Aişika (Sircar, op. cit., p. 79). 40 Ibid., p. 64. 41 It may be a mistake for Ānarta. 42 They may be identified with Tāmasa of Sircar's list (p. 80). 43 It is a mistake for Māheya (loc. cit.). 44 It is probably a variant of Uttamarna (loc. cit.). 45 It may be a mistake for Anupa. 46 See The Classical Age, ed. Majumdar, pp. 273-74.
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