________________
44
Piotr Balcerowicz
Unlike the active meaning of the words belonging to the first group, the synonyms of the second division are Past Passive Participles. We can, therefore, ask why the author of the Bhāṣya has combined terms grammatically bearing opposite or rather contradictory meaning as synonyms?
In the Jaina epistemology the terms under examination denote rather a cognitive process although their etymological meaning is slightly different. Apaya or perceptual judgement is defined in 'Sarvarthasiddhi" as "comprehending of the true nature on account of the distinctive cognition (nirjñana ) of particular chara cteristics". A closer examination of the definition of the perceptual judgement (apaya) found in T.S. Bh. may lead us to the conclusion that the author upheld the opinion, quoted and criticized by Jinabhadra" as well as by Yasovijaya", which regarded apaya as only excluding the non-existent characteristics: "the perceptual judgement is a removal of the mental process analysing the pros and cons (of the hypothesis dealing with) the real and non-existing (qualities; the hypotheses that were formed previously at the stage of speculation or ihā) after perceiving an object". It is therefore self-explanatory that according to the author of the T. S. Bh. in the apaya stage of the cognitive process the incorrect possibilities are excluded in the course of a deliberate inquiry and only the accurate hypothesis remains. We may also note that the opinion quoted by Yasovijaya in 'Jaina Tarkabhāṣa'12 is testified positively by the set of synonyms, given in the Bhāṣya I. 15, related to dhāraṇā or retention of the resultant cognition.13
Having taken into consideation that the synonyms of apaya of the second group are Past Passive Participles denoting a result of a cognitive operation indicated by the first division of the synonyms, i.e., they are to indicate the hypothesesexcluded due to the examining process of apaya, we may state that to the author of the Bhāṣya the perceptual judgement (apāya) is not a mere process of negative analysis leading to a determinate judgement but it includes, as well, the result of such inquiry: the congnitive process and the final decision are inseparable. The above ascertainment is justified also by a statement found in the Bhasya commenting upon the T.S., I. 11: "sensuous cognition is conditioned by a perceptual judgement and by actual substances."""
We may thus, conclude that according to the T. S. Bh. the cognitive process, namely the perceptual judgement (apaya ) as well as the sensuous cognition (mati-jñāna ), does not exist without its result in the form of a resultant judgement and, as such, the judgement is an inseparable and essential part of the cognitive process.
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
