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kalpa-druma pt. III, p. 74; Wilson 1894:141, n. 2; Kirfel 1954:10.
(b) A mythical or semimythical mountain beyond the ocean in which Rāvana's Lankā is situated; cf. Mahā-bhārata 3.261.53, 3.266.54-55; Rāmāyana 5.2.1, 6.30.18 (and passage 18 on p. 950 of Appendix 1), 7.5.21-22, 7.11.20; Vayu-purāna 1.48.26-29; Pañca-tantra, book 5, story 11 (Bühler's fourth ed., p. 63); Rudrața's Kāvyālamkāra 7.20; Bhoja's Śrngāraprakāśa, p. 419.
(c) A range of hills near the west coast of India which extends from northern Konkan to the west of the present district of Nasik; cf. Mirashi 1955:xl-xli, 1963: 106-7; Gupta 1973:45, 246. Probably the same as the Tri-kūța mentioned by Saida Mahammada in his Kalpa-samūha (Dhere 1977:201).
(d) A mountain in the eastern part of the Deccan (Mirashi 1975:186), probably the same as the one which B. V. Krishna Rao (Journal of the Andhra Historical Research Society 10:191; reference according to Gupta 1973:246) specifies as Kotappakonda near Kavur in the Narasaraopeta taluq of the Guntur district.
4.8 Of these four mountains bearing the name Tri-kūta, the one described in (a) is clearly alien to the spirit of this inquiry and can safely be ignored for that reason as well as for its uniform association with the North (3.3).
Mountain (b), too, ceases to be historical if Rāvana's Lankā is identified, as is generally the case,26 with the island of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) or some part thereof. As far as I can ascertain, no mountain in Ceylon was or is called Tri-kūța. Secondly, not only is there no corroboration of
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