Kevalaodhi Buddhist And Jaina History Of Deccan Vol 2

Author(s): Aloka Parasher Sen, B Subrahmanyam, E Siva Nagi Reddy
Publisher: Bharatiya Kala Prakashan

Page 132

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Kevala-Bodhi-Buddhist and Jaina History of the Deccan
called as Umätantra. The Tántric practices like incantation of some mantras along with the prescription of chemico-mineral drugs can be seen in these works. The present record informs us that Aggaļayya had established a Siddhavaidya Ratnakara Jinalaya at Ikkuriki and a Buddhasēna Jīnālaya at Mucchanahalli. Both of these were mentioned as located in the Kollipaka 7000 doļagana and Aleru 50.
Aggaļayya seems to be a great physician and surgeon during the eleventh century AD and was capable of curing even the most severe diseases that could not be cured by other physicians. The fact that he was also an expert in surgery reveals that he was known more as a great surgeon, though he was wellversed in other system of medicine such as rasaśāstra and sangraha pariccheda (therapeutics). It is also mentioned in the inscription that pharmaceutical centers, to prepare chemico-mineral and herbo-mercurial drugs, were set up at Jākabbe and Mārakabbeya basadis. For their maintenance, lands were granted in Buddhipaka along with Muppanapalli as dēvabhöga by the king.
Aggaļayya established Jaina medical centers on the name of his title Vaidyaratnākara. Another inscription dated in the same year (Ś 956 days is not specified), records the endowment of some land to the Vaidyaratnākara Jīnālaya located in Aleru-40 of Kollipāka 7000, by certain Gāvundas. Though the record is partially damaged and illegible, we can grasp the essential points to some extent. A flower garden, a residential place and certain measurement of black-soil land along with a water-wheel was donated to the kajjali (ka) sthåna attached to Jakabbe and Märakabbe basadis which were functioning under the Vaidyaratnākara Jinalaya, the hospitals which must have been founded by Aggaļayya.
At Hanumakonda, the old capital city of the Kakatiyas also we can find even today, a statue of Agga!ayya, measuring nearly 14 feet in height on hill situated in the middle of the city. We can find nearby the incomplete remains of caves, which might have served as a Jaina medical and educational center. Yet it is to be investigated, whether such a great scholar in the science of medicine composed a medical work. One Aggaļayya is said to have written a philosophical work on Jainism, which is known through the catalogues of the manuscripts libraries.
The K.B. Museum inscription, whose date is missing, is very valuable in this regard, as it refers to a family of physicians belonging to Jaina faith. Though the record is partially damaged, we get information to a considerable extent. On the basis of the Telugu characters of the record, it is considered to have belonged to the 10th century A.D. Among the family members mentioned in the record, we can find five members as who served the society for three generations. The earliest members mentioned in the record are Gunda and Trivikrama. Trivikrama was mentioned as Bharata in rasa, Dhanwantari in medicine (vaidya), king Vatsa in Aśvāyurvēda and Hastyāyurvēda (veterinary science of horse and elephant) and Mädrēya in sword fighting. The description indicates that Trivikrama was not only a scholar in medicine but also a warrior. He must have participated in the wars as a military medical officer to treat the wounded soldiers, horses and elephants. His son was Mēda, who was a parahita and had three sons namely Gunda, Mardanārya and Pampa. Gunda was well versed in parahitavidhi and had the title Vaidyaviläsa. Mardanārya is said to have removed the sufferings of the distressed, orphans and the Brahmins and had the spotless fame. Here the word parahitavidhi sounds as a separate system of medicine. If we keenly observe the records till 15th century, we get references to the physicians who were mentioned as parahitas or lököpakäras. The Akkalapūļi grant dated AD1368, two Ponnupalli grants dated AD1404 and 1408, the Kaluvachēru grant dated AD1423 and the Kondapalli record dated AD1546 are identified as the epigraphs which refer to the parahita physicians. Poet Vēmana (15th century A.D.) referred to