Jinamanjari 1999 09 No 20

Author(s): Jinamanjari
Publisher: Canada Bramhi Jain Society Publication

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The early Jain caves in Andhra did not resort to excavating residences in rocks as they were not intended for caityāvāsa or settled life. They were only shallow shelters under overhanging boulders. Other early Jain caves found at Hanumakonda, Chippagiri, Ramatirtham etc. are only recesses under huge boulders. The Jaina prescription of perennial wanderings to the ascetics and the stay - over were permitted only during the rainy season, these forest recluses and wanderers might have used these natural caves as sojourns or temporary refuges. Due to these circumstances, the early Jain caves of Andhra have no carvings and free of any workmanship.
REFERENCES
1. D.R. Das cites in "Pārsvanātha Images In Orissa" in Arhat Pārsva and Dharanendra Nexus, ed. M.A. Dhaky, p.95, B.L. Institute, Delhi 1997. 2. “Itineraries of Mahavira in Southern India" in Jinamarjari, Vol.12, No.2, October 1995; Canadian Studies in Jainism, p.5, Jain Humanities Press 1996. 3. Jinamañjari, Vol.12, No.2, October 1995. 4. Bhuvanendra Kumar, Canadian Studies in Jainism, pp.80-81. 5. Dr. Shashi Kant, The Hāthīgumpha Inscription of Khāravela, p.99, Prints India, Delhi 1971. 6. Canadian Studies in Jainism, pp.8-9. 7. Ibid. 8. R. Sewell, Antiquarian Remains in the Presidency of Madras, Vo.I, pp. 6-147. 9. Arhat Pārsva and Dharanendra Nexus, p.116. 10. K.V. Soudara Rajan, Cave Temples of the Deccan, p.4. 11. Percy Brown, Indian Architecture, p.19. 12. G. Jawaharlal, Jainism in Andhra, p.148, Hydrabad 1994. 13. A. Ekambaranathan, Jainism in Tamilnadu: Art and Archaeology, p.1, Jain Humanities Press 1996. 14. G. Jawaharlal, op. cit., p.46. 15. Bharati, pp.51-55, Telugu Journal, June 1978. 16. Journal of the Epigraphical Society of India, Vol.IV, pp.136 ff. 17. Joumal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vo.X, pp.29 ff. 18. Karimnagar District Volurne, Preface. 19. The Guntupalli Bramhi Inscription of Khāravela, (APGES No.3) p.1. 20. D.C. Sircar, Journal of Ancient Indian History, Vol.III, pp.30-36, Calcutta. 21. G. Jawahar, op. cit., p.86. 22. History of Fine Arts in India and Ceylon, p.9. 23. G. Jawahar, op. cit., pp.88-89.
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