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instance. One person is known as "Arya" from the standpoint of territory; or as "Vaishya" from the standpoint of Varna; or as 'Oshwa!' from the standpoint of his sub-caste or say "Nagori" from the standpoint of the village, or as 'son' from the point of view of the father or as 'father from the point of the son or as husband from the standpoint of the wife and as 'brother' from the point of view of his sister. In this way, from various standpoints, it is possible to have different characteristics in one***** and the same thing. Any one of such standpoints to which one has to resort for expounding a thing is called Naya (standpoint). In Naya, there is only partial truth, but in denying other characterics that statement could result in falsehood.
Suppose that there is an elderly person of 75 and he has a aon aged 45 and the latter has a son aged 15. Now if the son who is 45 is only addressed as 'father' this form of address will result in falsehood because from the standpoint of his 75 years old father he is also a son. Now if that 45 years old man is only styled a 'son', that too would be wrong because from the standpoint of his 15 year old son he is also a father.
