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shade, sunshine, darkness etc. are subtle fornis of matter only:
(5) Jeeyastikaya : Jeeva or soul : That which has got the characteristic of consciousness is called Jeeva. A corpse has no such perception or feeling that "I an liappy" or "I am miserable" because the conscious soul is absent there. A Scythe is an instrument of cutting but the instrument and the cutter are two distinct things separate from cach other. One sees by means of a lamp but the lamp and the seer are distinct and separate. Similarly by means of senses (indriyas) form, taste etc. are seen or felt. But the senses and the entity are different from each other. Jeera, Atma or Soul is neither white nor black nor yellow. In fact it has no colour. Therefore, we are unable to see it but its existence can be established by inferences anumanapramana ).
(6) Kala : Time : This is a highly minute perception existing in Adhi dweepa (the section of the universe where there is human existence). It is indivisible and exists in the form of one moment and such moment after moment marches on one after the other. So it does not deserve the name of Astikaya. We find that trees of
