Jainism Not an Atheisam

Author(s): Herbert Warren
Publisher: Herbert Warren

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the different spaces occupicd by one teacup and another, and the different modifications, size, shape, etc., in spite of all these differences, still there is the mass of teacups, one thing, the whole mass of teacups is substace.
The same is true of anything, clocks, watches, solar systems, nebula, worlds, the universc, anything. The same is truc of souls, in spite of all the different conscious beings that there arc, still there is the mass.the mass of conscious beings is substance.
There arc other definitions, however, from other points of view, namely:a-substances is that which is the subject of qualities and modifications. Also substance is that in which there are origination, destruction, and permanence; i. e., origination of a new mode of manifestation, destruction of the old previous mode, and permanence of the substancc; for instance, origination of a solar system, destruction of the nebula that it was previously, and the continued existence of the substance, permanence of the substance. And then from an ordinary practical point of view, substance is that which performs a special action, which is not performed by any other thing, but this would only apply to some particular substance thought of.
Any real thing, a lump of clay, all the teacups in the universe, a living being, anything, can be looked upon in four different ways as pure substance without thinking of the qualities and modifications, and so four definitions are given. But this is only possible in thought and not in actual fact.
The next thing is to know what particular substances there are. Substance is the one class in which everything real is included, and now we want to know the members of the class, what real things there are to include in this