Jainism Not an Atheisam

Author(s): Herbert Warren
Publisher: Herbert Warren

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3. The fact of performing special specific functions ; i.e.,
the fact of being a substance. 4. Knowableness. Substances can be known by souls,
and this particular point of Jainism differentiates it from Kant's philosophy (that the thing in itself
cannot be known). 5. The fact of being the subject of the capacity of ori
ginating modifications, destroying old modifications, and of keeping itself permanent ; i.e., the fact of having origination, destruction and perma
nence. In addition to the above primary general natures, the following secondary general natures are mentioned ; they are common to all the five real substances, matter, etc. :
1. Existence (Astitva). 2. Non-existence ; that is to say, the non-existence of
other things in the one thing under consideration ; in matter, for instance, there is the non-existence
of space. 3. Permanence. 4. Change. 5. Unity, the fact of being one. 6. Plurality, the fact of being many. 7. Separateness. 8. Unitedness, the fact of being part of, And there are infinite others.
Of the particular natures, consciousness is a particular nature of living beings, and is non-existent in matter ; matter never becomes conscious ; the same is true of space, time and those two ethers, consciousness is absent in them, is not a nature common to them.
Tangibility, taste, smell, and visibility are particular natures of matter ; those two ethers, space, time, and living