________________
JAINISM
87
sary purpose kill with determined intention a moving living being, when it is innocent.
INCIDENTAL
Virtues and vices are states of the individual, and can never be transmitted or transferred from one person to another. Each person develops his own state of virtue, just as he develops his own knowledge. We cannot impart virtue; we cannot impart knowledge (see pages 25-26). By talking to a person, we supply the means whereby he can develop knowledge.
PARTIAL TRANSGRESSIONS OF THE FIRST VOW*
As was the case with the thirty-five rules of conduct, so with these twelve special rules, the practice of them is internal as well as external; and in the partial transgressions given below, it is the internal practice of the rules that is broken, while in the external way the rule or vow is not broken. In all these vows, the chief ideas are partial self-control, and love, and in the partial transgressions, now to be given, this self-control and kindliness are absent.
1. Angrily or carelessly tying up an animal or a human being. When tying up is absolutely necessary, it should be done, so that in case of fire the animal can quickly be undone, and the human being can undo himself. As a matter of fact, the Jain philosophy teaches that a person who practises these vows, ought not to keep such animals as have to be tied up.
Tattvarthadhigama Sutra, VII 20, Hemachandra, Yogasastra, DII. 90 Jain Education International For Private & Personal Use Only www.jainelibrary.org
