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The contribution of Jainas in the field of Art and... 93
by Lord Mahāvīra continued without any major changes till the time of Bhadrabāhu; but even in that time there were partial changes according to the time, place and circumstances. In order to give acceptance to these changes caused by circumstances Ācārya Bhadrabāhu had to approve a two-leveled code of conduct in the form of jinakalpa and sthavirakalpa and utsarga-mārga and apavāda-mārga. These two systems of jinakalpa and sthavirakalpa were fully accepted in Jaina religion during the period of Arya Mahāgiri and Arya Suhasti who were disciples of Ācārya Sthūlibhadra who himself was a disciple of Acārya Bhadrabāhu. In fact, this two-level discipline or code of conduct became necessary for another reason, i.e. by following the path of jinakalpa discipline with its stringent code of conduct, though it was possible to achieve the goal of selfrealization, it was not possible to handle the work of management of sarngha, and more specifically, to preach and spread Jainism given its link with society. Thus, the monks used to follow any one of these two codes of jinakalpa and sthavirakalpa in accordance to their convenience. But still, there was no such arousal of animosity or bitterness in the samgha due to this dual code of conduct. Till the period of Arya Mahāgiri and Arya Suhasti in
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