Jaina Literature From Eearliest Time To C 10th AD

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Z_Jaina_Literature_and_Philosophy_a_Critical_Approach_001936_HR.pdf

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Jaina Literature
From Earliest Time to c. 10th A. D. ]
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Unfortunately, all the above mentioned intact. We find that earlier subject-matter of works are not available, today. Some of them are lost. Praśnavyakarana has been completely changed. Out of twelve Anga Āgamas, the 7th chapter of Similarly, partial changes as well as some additions Ācāranga (Mahāparijña ) and the major portion of are also noted in the subject matter of natadharmaDrstivāda are said to be extinct. So far as the subject- kathā, Antakyddaśārga, Anuttraupapatika and Vipakamatter of 7th chapter of Acăränga is concerned, in sūtra. Among the secondary canons (Anga-bahya my opinion, it was mainly related to the Jinakalpa orāgamas ) following works, known as Kalika and strict code of conduct of naked monks. When the Utkālika, respectively were also lost in due course of followers of this strict code of conduct disappeared time. The details of such canons are as under: gradually, no serious efforts were made to restore it
Kalikasūtra not available presently — and finally it got lost. Likewise, the twelfth Anga
1. Ksullikāvimānapravibhakti Drstivāda, said to be containing five parts ( i ) Pari
Mahallikavimănapravibhakti karma, (ii) Sutra, (iii) Pūrvagata, (iv) Anuyoga
Angacūlikā and (v) Calika, seems to have dealt mainly with the
4. Vaggaculikā philosophical doctrines of other schools of thought
5. Vivāhaculikā including the Pārsva tradition. Purvagata, the third
Aruņotapāda part of Drstivāda, exclusively, dealt with the doctrines
Varuņotapada of Pārsva tradition, later on accepted as the doctrines
Garuņotapāda of Mahavira. All these works were preserved only
9. Dharanotapada through oral tradition, because, Jaina monks and nuns
10. Vaiśramanotapada were strictly prohobited to write on palm-leaves,
11. Velandarotapada those days. That study and preservation of the Jaina
12. Devendrotapāda literature, written on palm-leaves were prohibited due
13. Utthānaśruta to the strict observance of non-violence. They were of
14. Samutthānaśruta the opinion that in the process of writing, studying
15. Nāgaprajñaptipanikā. and preserving the palm-leaf works, the injury to the Jivas was inevitable. That is why, they made no
Utkalikasūtra not available presently efforts to restore them in written form. This was the
1. Kalpikākalpika reason behind the loss of Drstivāda as well as some
2. Culakalpika other agamas. In my opinion, Drstivāda, in particular,
3. Mahāprajñāpanā became extinct, because of following factors
4. Pramādāpramada firstly, its contents were not fully in accordance with
5. Paurușimandala Mahavira's tradition and were mostly related with
6. Mandala Pravesa philosophical discussions of other traditions and
7. Vidyācaraņa Viniscaya schools, hence unable to arouse interest in Jaina
8. Dhyānavibhakti monks. Secondly, the concepts, accepted by 9. Vitarăga Śruta Mahavira's tradition, were included in other Āgamic
10. Vihārakalpa texts also, hence Jaina monks did not make any effort
11. Cāranavidhi. to preserve the Purva literature. Thirdly, due to the
About the subject matter of these Kalika and oral tradition, other Anga agamas could not remain Utkālikasūtras, not extant today, it is very difficult to