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ESSENCE OF SOUL
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ject for thousands of years before Marx. They say that the Charvaka philosophy of Brahaspati was only given garb of dialectic and the threefold divisions and was, thus, developed into dialectical materialism. Whereas the Lokayatıka philosophy traces the origin of soul to the combination of material elements, dialectical materialism traces it to a clash between them. The principle that that which does not exist cannot be originated' came to the atheists as a hard nut and dialectical materialism found an unsuccessful way out in the name of qualitative transformation.
To prove the theory of qualitative transformation, in other words the theory of the origination of the existent out of a non-existent, the dialectical materalists, present many illustrations. It will be interesting to study some of them here and go into their critical analysis:
1 Oxygen is a life giving gas which is useful for life while on the other hand hydrogen is a gas destructive for life But by combining them in certain restricted quantities, water is created-and water is useful for life. This is what is meant by qualitative change or double-fold opposition.
If we deeply analyse the above illustration, it will be evident at the outset, that this illustration does not refer to qualitative change, because in qualitative change, the third property should invariably originate as a combination of two opposite qualities. As is seen in this illustration, oxygen is a life-supporting
