Jain Journal 1998 04

Author(s): Jain Bhawan Publication
Publisher: Jain Bhawan Publication

Page 35

SOGANI : THE CONCEPTION OF DRAVYAS IN JAINA PHILOSOPHY
125 recognises the reality of motion. It is defined as the modification originating from the external and internal inducements which make possible the traversing from one point of space to anotber.77 The substances like Dharma, Adharma, Akāśa and Kāla are non-active and motionless in this sense, but Jiva and Pudgala are said to be the authors of motion; that is, these two Dravyas are capable of being active to the exclusion of others.78 Activity is not a different, independent category, but a special modification of these two substances due to the external and internal causes.79Besides, it should be distinguished from the Arthaparyāya which means motionless change possessed by all the six Dravyas. The activity of Jīva is due to the external causal agency of Karman. Thus Siddhas are non-active on account of the absence of Karman.80 The activity of Pudgala is due to the external agency of Kāla. It will remain perpetual, since unlike Karmic particles Kāla can never be absent at any time. Thus the Pudgala unlike the Siddhas cannot be non-active.81
Akasa :
That extent of speace which is replete with matter, souls, time, principle of motion, and principle of rest is labelled as Lokākāśa, or world space. This distinguishes it from Alokākāśa or empty space wherein none of the five substances abides.82 Thus the former is recognised as being capable of providing accommodation to Jivas, Pudgala and to the rest of the Dravyas. That space is in its own base and support, and does not call for any other substance to accommodate. It is evident from the fact that there is no other substance of more vastness than this which may provide room to it. And even if it is conceded, it will implicitly lead us to the fallacy of regress and infinitum.83 Bedsides, it is imperative to note that, considered from the point of view of the thing-in-itself, all substances exist in themselves. It is only regarded from the commonplace point of view that all substances are subsisting in space.84 The principles of motion of oil in the seed.85 Despite the omnipresence of Dharma and Adharma in the
76. Niyama. 21 to 24 77. Sarvartha. V. 7; Panca comm. Amrta. 98 78. Sarvartha. V. 7. 79. Rajava, V. 7/1,2. 80. Panca. comm. Amrta 98; Rajava V. 7/14 to 16. 81. Panca comm. Amrta 98. 82. Dravya. 20; Sarvartha V. 12, Panca. 90, 91. 83. Rajava. V. 12/2 to 4. 84. Rajava. V. 12/5 to 6. 85. Sarvartha V. 13.