Jain Journal 1992 01

Author(s): Jain Bhawan Publication
Publisher: Jain Bhawan Publication

Page 42

JANUARY, 1992
necessity of formulating two independent sutras for the enumeration of the modes and qualities of pudgala, he says that the qualities like colour etc. (enumerated in the sutra 5.23) are transformed from both atom and aggregate while darkness etc. (enumerated in the sūtra 5,24) are transformed from aggregate only.
187
Vijayalāvaṇya Suri quotes Syadvadins saying that pudgalas are transformed into light and darkness. During transformation from light to darkness the luminousity of pudgalas of light are removed with their substanceness remaining constant.10
The arguments of the scholars like Hemacandra Suri, Vijayalavanya Suri, Bhavasena etc. go in favour of the positivity of darkness.11 The author of BS points out that the destruction of light transforms into darkness.18
Pujyapada, Nemicandra etc. hold darkness to be the factor obstructing our visual perception besides being a mode of pudgala.18
To conclude, tamas according to Jainas is a mode of pudgala and it can be considered as a substance since a mode (paryāya) is not different from a substance.14 It is worth mentioning here that tamas and chaya are considered as two different entities in the form of two independent modes of pudgala15 while these are accepted as identical by Naiyayikas, In the texts of Nyāya chāyā is used as a synonymn
8 Umasvati, op. cit., p. 27.
9 Interestingly, the gramarians too consider darkness to be caused by transformation of atoms. Bharttrhari states, anavah sarvasaktitvat bhedasamsargavrttayahl chayatapatamah-sabdabhavena parimaninah, VP, 1.110,
10 diparupena parinatanam bhasvarapudgalanam tamorupena parinamad bhasvaraparinamatyagepi dravyatvaparityagat tamaso dravyarupatyaiva syadvadibhir abhyupagamad ety asayah, STSVS, p. 121, 1.24-26.
11 Vide SR, p. 14; Vijaylavanya Suri, op. cit., VTP, p. 252, 1. 9-10.
12 dipadivinasas yapi tamisradirupataya parinamat, BS, 1.3.32.
13 tamo drstiprativandhakaranam prakasavirodhi, ete pudgalavikarah, Pujyapada, op. cit.; cf. Nemicandra, op. cit., Bhasya thereon, p. 47.
14 cf. Kundakundacarya, op. cit., 1.12.
15 Umasvati, op. cit., 5:24.