Jain Journal 1977 10

Author(s): Jain Bhawan Publication
Publisher: Jain Bhawan Publication

Page 32

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that period and the various types of musical instruments used. This tradition continued as the inscription of Magheshwar temple (1193-95 A.D.) corroborate the high proficiency attained by the Orissa dancers and musicians.
The inscription at the Ananta Vasudeva Temple dated 1278 A.D. informs us about the extraordinary dancing skill of Candra Devi, daughter of Ananga Deva. This gives us a glimpse of high esteem with which music and dance were being treated in the then Orissan Royal courts.
Krisnadasa wrote the Gitaprakasa (1559-68 A.D.), a manuscript of which is preserved in the Manuscript library of Orissan State Museum, Bhuvaneswara. In this manuscript the name of Kharavela has been mentioned in the 3rd and the 7th or the last chapter. The last chapter has been wholly devoted to dance. Haladhara Mishra (1623-30 A.D.) has also quoted the name of Kharavela in Sangīt Kalpalatā.
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The oldest instruments that were used to accompany songs at that time were called Marana Hastaka and Ravana Hastaka. As is evidenced from the friezes of Udyaigiri caves instruments having one string was in use. The Vina was not popular. The writer of Sangit Nārāyaṇa has clearly stated that the playing of Vina should be learnt from the musicians of the South. Only Pakhwaj and Mrdang were used as
văditra.
References
1
Epigraphia Indica, Jan. 1930, page 71; Journal of the Bihar and Orrisa Research Society, 1918 (4) 364, 1927 (13) 221, 1928 (14) 150.
2 Udisame Sangit Sthiti by K. K. Pattanayak.
$ Madras Music Academy Journal, part IV, 1958.