Introducing Jainism

Author(s): Satyaranjan Banerjee
Publisher: Jain Bhawan Publication

Page 62

INTRODUCING JAINISM
making karmas of limbs and minor limbs. For in the absence of matter there can be no functioning of psychical speech. Matter prompted by the active and endowed with this capacity takes the mode of speech. Hence physical speech is also material." (S.A. Jaini, ibid., p. 145]
Kāya-gupti means the control of activity of body. The control of body from the different points of karmas is the kāya-gupti. In the Tattvārtha-sūtra (II. 36) the different forms of body are described. These are "āudārika (the gross), vaikriyika (the transformable), āhāraka (the assimilative), taijasa (the luminous) and kārmaņa (the body composed of karmic matter).”
Manogupti means the control of mind. The control of mind is regarded as one of the best ways of the ratnatraya. Mind is fickle and feeble (cañcalam hi manah), and so to control it is one of the ways by which one can lead oneself to the path of liberation. Like kāya-gupti Pujyapāda in his Sarvārthasiddhi has explained it in the following way.
"The mind is of two kinds, physical and psychical. The psychical mind characterized by capacity (for comprehension) and consciousness is material, as it is assisted by matter. Similarly, owing to destruction-cumsubsidence of knowledge-covering and energy-obstructing karmas and the rise of name karmas of limbs and minor limbs, particles of matter transformed into mind assist the living beings tending to examining good and evil, remembering things etc. Hence the physical mind also is material. It is contended by others that mind is a different substance, that it is bereft of colour, form etc., and that it is of the size of an atom. Hence it is improper to consider it as material." (S.A. Jaini, ibid., p. 145).
In this way, by means of argument, Pujyapāda says that ultimately mind is connected with the soul and the soul stirs the mind to activity. And, therefore, for the purification of the soul, the control of mind is necessary.