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Jainism in Mathura
Kankali Tīlā also enjoyed a long life. Epigraphic sources reveal that these temples were in existence as late as the eleventh century AD.171
One of the fragmentary ayaga-pattas, presently in the collection of Government Museum, Mathura, contains the word vihara. 172 It is certain that vihāras (monasteries), too, were built for the residence of the Jaina monks.173 Inscriptions reveal that many more Jaina shrines existed at Mathura during the Kuṣāņa period. These shrines will be outlined in the next chapter. To the architecture of these structures, too, we shall turn in the next chapter.
The Jaina life at Mathurā
THE SPLIT IN THE JAINA CHURCH
We have already stated that the remnants of two Jaina temples were exposed as a result of Fuhrer's excavations at Kankali Tīlā and that he described one of them as belonging to the Svetambara sect and the other to the Digambara sect. The bulk of Jaina inscriptions excavated from Kankali Tīlā belongs to the Kuṣāṇa period and has been assigned to the first and the second century AD.174 According to one view, the split which divided the Jainas into the Śvetāmbaras and the Digambaras occurred in either AD 79 or AD 82,175 i.e., in the first century AD, and according to the other, this split occurred in AD 142,176 i.e., in the second century AD. From Fuhrer's statements it appears that during this period the Jainas of Mathura were also divided into the Svetämbaras and the Digambaras. Buhler, who translated, interpreted and edited the Jaina inscriptions sent by Fuhrer,177 expressed the view that the inscriptions from Kankālī Ṭīlā reveal
171. JS, Introduction, p. 4.
172. JAA, I, p. 52.
173. Ibid., p. 62.
174.
175.
176.
177.
EI, X, Appendix, Lüders List, pp. 2 ff; JS, Introduction, pp. 1 ff; OISJ, p. 42; LDJC, p. 28, EI, I, p. 371.
GD, p. 108; CHAI, III, p. 297 fn. 4; JIR, p. 54; CMHI, II, p. 362.
CHAI, III, p. 282; CMHI, II, p. 362.
EI, I, p. 371 fn. 2; EI, II, p. 195 fn. 1.
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