Doctrines of Jainism

Author(s): Vallabhsuri Smarak Nidhi
Publisher: Vallabhsuri Smarak Nidhi Godiji Jain Derasar Mumbai

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The Doctrines of the Jainas
individual effort. The eighth stage is known as Apurva karana on account of the second feat, in the form of five reductions. The aspirants in this Gunasthana are not necessarily at a uniform level of self-purification at the moment of their first entrance into it or in their further advance. There are innumerable degrees according to the status of individuals. For this very reason the eighth Gunasthana is known as Nivrtti also, showing the absence of uniformity in spiritual progress.
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The ninth Gunasthana is known as Anivrtti. The aspirant, after reducing the stock of Karman through the means of Sthitighata, etc., comes to a stage when his progress becomes automatic. Consequently, all aspirants make a uniform advance. All of them are of the same status in the first and successive moments of their progress. This uniformity is known as Anivrtti.
These two Gunasthanas last not more than a muhurta. They are known also as Badsra Sanparaya (with great passions) in contrast to Suksma Sanparaya (with small passions), the 10th Gunasthana. Anger, conceit and crookedness are regarded as great passions in comparison with greed, which is recognized as the small passion. The first three continue up to the ninth stage only, but greed continues up to the 10th. At the end of the eighth stage the aspirant subdues six types of semi-passions also, namely, (1) laughter, (2) liking, (3) disliking, (4) fear, (5) grief and (6) hatred. But the end of the ninth he subdues the three types of sexual desire in addition to the Sanjualana degree of anger, conceit and crookedness. Then, there remains the Sanjualana degree of greed only, which is subdued by the end of 10th stage. The 10th Gunasthana is known as Sukshma Sanparaya on account of its subduing