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THE ADYAR LIBRARY BULLETIN
53 This interest of the king is expressly stated e.g. in Nārada XI 42 and 43:
grhakşetre ca drste dve vāsahetū kutumbinām / tasmāt te notkşiped rājā tad dhi mūlam kuțumbinām //
hiyare"
vrddhe janapade rājño dharmaḥ kośaś ca vardhate //
hiyate hi yamāne ca vrddhihetum ataḥ śrayet //; It is, of course, also the reason for the Kauţilīya Arthaśāstra's containing a section on “Damage to fields and roads' (kşetra pathahimsā), viz. 3.10.1 ff.
54 This statement refers, of course, to this particular subject or 'chapter' only in the Dharmaśāstra texts under discussion, but not to these texts taken as wholes.
55 According to Bühler's translation of Ap. Dh. S. 2. 11. 28. 5, cattle themselves are punished, though of course, only physically (any fine being impossible as rightly observed e.g. by Kullūka on M. 8. 240 and Aparārka on Y II 159), in that the owner of the crops which they have eaten up is permitted to make them lean [by impounding them]'. J.J. Meyer (Das altindische Buch vom Weltund Staatsleben..., Leipzig 1926 p. 728), however says that instead of karśayet (paśün) one should read karşayet, which he renders by 'rounding up'. To support his argument he refers to Moh. III 58.244*. and Baudh Dh. S. 1.5. 84 (=I10.29) M.3. 66, i.e. to the fact that karşayati/ karşati occurs there too, viz, in the syntagmas phalamūlāni karşayan and karşanti ca mahad yaśaḥ, where it indeed seems to have the meaning of 'bringing together, collecting'.Less problematic, however, are the passages in which a corporal punishment, i.e. being beaten with a stick, is prescribed for a servant in tillage and especially a herdsman when he is negligent in his duties: e.g. Āp. Dh. S. II 11. 28.2 and 3, Nārada XI 29 and Y. II. 161; cf. also the verse quoted from Bphaspati by Nandapandita on Vişņu 5. 141 (ed. by Pt. V. Krishnamacharya, Madras 1964, Vol. I. p. 125.
56 It is in fact used in this sense in the Arthaśāstra; see fn. 53.
57 cf. Kaiyața's Pradipa II 251 a 25f.: yasya tv iti / yasyātmiyā gāvah parakiyās tu māşās tasya na ta ipsitāḥ //.
