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THE ADYAR LIBRARY BULLETIN
CATTLE, FIELD AND BARLEY.
473
5* This interest of the king is expressly stated c.g. in Närada XI 42 and 43:
grhaksette ca deste due vasahata kufumbinam tarmi te notksiped rajā tad dhi malam kufumbinam // vyddhe janapade räjšo dharmah kosas ca vardhate /
hiyate hiyamáne ca urddhihetum atah srayel ll; It is, of course, also the reason for the Kautiliya Arthasástra's containing a section on 'Damage to fields and roads' (ksetra pathahimsa), viz. 3.10.1 ff.
This statement refers, of course, to this particular subject or 'chapter' only in the Dharmasastra texts under discussion, but not to these texts taken as wholes.
5 According to Bühler's translation of Ap. Dr. S. 2. 11. 28. 5, cattle themselves are punished, though of course, only physically (any finc being impossible as rightly observed c.g. by Kulloka on M. 8. 240 and Aparärka on Y II 159), in that the owner of the crops which they have caten up is permitted to make them lean [by impounding them]'. J. J. Meyer (Das altindische Buch vom Weltund Staatsleben..., Leipzig 1926 p. 728), however says that instead of kardayet (paśün) one should read karjayal, which he renders by 'rounding up'. .. To support his argument he refers to Moh. III 58.244 and Baudh Dh. S. 1.5.84 (=I 10.29)=M. 3.66, i.e. to the fact that karşayatil karşati occurs there too, viz, in the syntagmas phalamilani karşayan and karsanti ca mahad yasah, where it indeed seems to have the meaning of 'bringing together, collecting Less problematic, however, are the passages in which a corporal punishment, i.e. being beaten with a stick, is prescribed for a servant in tillage and especially a herdsman when he is negligent in his duties: c.g. Ap. Dh. S. II 11. 28.2 and 3, Närada XI 29 and Y. II. 161; cf. also the verse quoted from Brhaspati by Nandapandita on Vişnu 5. 141 (ed. by Pt. V. Krishnamacharya, Madras 1964, Vol. I. p. 125.
"It is in fact used in this sense in the Arthasästra; see fn. 53.
57cf. Kaiyata's Pradipa II 251 a 25f.: yasya tv itiyasyatmiyd givah parakiyas tu mášās tasya na ta ipsitäh !!.
... cf. Kaiyata's Pradipa II 251 a 31 f.: mäsa metienakaro bhinnakramah / ipsitä сoety arthah/l.
cf. Kaiyața's Pradipa II 251 a 33-36: tasydpiti/ ipsitasabdah kriydabda dfriyate na tu rūdhifabdah / tatra sdranakriyayd parakiyd api mdyd udarayitur aptum isla bhavanti ma ndann ele ity debhyo 'sau gd darayati Il; and Nāgesa's Uddyota II 251 a 38-b 6: dptum ista iti udranam (-pravrttioighdtah sa ca laduyaparajanyalatphalabhandprayojako bhaksanddijanakawyparabhāvanukalo vydparan kvacit (viz. agrar minavakam odrayatily atra) taduydpdrajanyatal phalabhd naprayojakah samyoganukilavyaprabhavanukalavyaparah ll eam c laddhatuarthaprayojyaphaldsraydity arthas tad dha-md ndann itinalabhavanipaphalena vyptum istity arthah / nafabhavas ca bhaksanabhävaparyandSannas tasya tasya ca phalasya dhatuarthatoaparyantam någrahat mafanáte hi sati rdjabhayam adharmas ca sydd iti bhanah Il.
cf. Nägeśa's Uddyota II 251 b 19f.: nanu püroodä haranad asya ko vifesa ity aha--andheti Il. .
cf. Sivaramendrasarasvati's Ratnaprakifa IV 259. 21 f.: no hi küpasandhapalanena ndio bhavati nopi tena rajabhayam iti bhavan l; cf. also Nägesa's Uddyola II 251 b 33 ff.
cf. Nägeša's explication (Uddyola II 252 b 20): blisye paraty ayam iti vicarayadity arthakll.
cf. the Ratnaprakása on the expression samprapya of the Bh. (IV 296.4): sampraptam (read: pták) jalatoety arthah Il.
" In this connection it may be noted that the idea is repeatedly expressed in the Bh. that a region yasmin gåvah sasydni ca parlante is called a bhogaron (II 340.12), gunaydn (II 367.4) or arthavn delan (II 401.11). The remark which J. Jolly makes on Närada XI 42 (quoted fn. 53) in his translation, viz. that 'this maxim shows that the compiler of the Narada-smyti wrote for an essentially agricultural people', holds hence good for the Bh. too.
In this connection, but also with regard to the replacement of pavdn by Sasyam discussed above ($2.5.1), Peri Venkateswara Sastri says in his commentary on the passage of the Laghufabdendulekhara quoted above ($ 2.5.4), viz. (Andhra University Series No. 26, Kumbakonam 1941, p. 1291. 10 ff.): ... bhásye yanafabdasya sadhdranatoniyatra sthitandự bijdvasthapannanam bharjitanam di bhaksare tesám himsi na bhavatiti tada layar (viz. of the second alternative) /
