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1. The Sraman Tradition
Dr. Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar' has discussed the opinion of Sanskrit Grammarian 'Panini' about the perpetual struggles between two different cultures/traditions:
1. Sramanas 2. Brahamanas
They were called Sramanas (Monks) because they were believed in the equality of all beings and practiced non-violence etc.
In his Indus Civilization and Hindu Culture, the eminent scholar, P. R. Deshmukh says:
"The first Jain Tirthankar belonged to Indus civilization. The Indus Valley deities were nude. The Jains sustained that culture and worshipped nude Tirthankaras”.
H.T. Colebrook has traced the non-Aryan origins of Jain culture and he observes in his Observation on the Sect of Jains that the Greek authors of the third Century B.C. divided all philosophers into two groups Shramanas and
