________________ as laid down in Jainism, that is, Ratnatraya Dharma Sam yak Darshana, Samyag Jnana, Sam yak Charitra - Right perception, Right knowledge and Right conduct- can attain liberation without the intervention of any deity. Thus, one may sum up, the antiquity of Jainism in the words of Hermann Jacobi "In conclusion let me assert my conviction that Jainism is an original system, quite distinct, and independent from all others."
