Antarvyapti Interpreted in Jainism

Author(s): Atsushi Uno
Publisher: Z_Nirgranth_Aetihasik_Lekh_Samucchay_Part_1_002105.pdf and Nirgranth_Aetihasik_Lekh_Samucchay_Part_2

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'Antarvyāpti Interpreted in Jainism
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NyA, Vivrti Here a summary of Vivíti will be introduced.
<The purport of the NyA> based on Vivrti : (1) When the opponent remembers the Vyāpti, since the probandum
(sādhya) is established by antarvyāpti (vyāpti in the paksa), external
example (bahih) is useless to mention. (2) Even when the vyāpti is not known to the opponent, since antaryāpti
is absent (or not known) external example (bahih) is useless to mention. Thus the expert on logic says. (20) <Vivrti>
(Running rendering] When the opponent forgets the vyāpti, example is mentioned for him. Otherwise (if he does not forget the vyāpti) it is not the case (example is not mentioned). "Otherwise" means (1) the opponent remembers the vyāpti (is versant with the vyāpti) or (2) he is ignorant of the vyāpti. In the case (1), the example is not mentioned. For when the opponent remembers the hetu (probans) which is avinäbhāvin of the probandum (inseparable from probandum), he knows the probans (hetu) in the paksa also. He necessarily comes to know the probandum in the paksa.
Thus the vyāpti in antah (paksa) establishes invariably probandum, and the vyāpti outside the paksa (bahirvyāpti) is useless to mention, In the case (2), antarvyāpti is either absent or unknown and it is useless to mention the "bahih" (external example). For an observation of the coëxistence in a certain place cannot entail the establishment of the vyāpti (coëxistence) in all places, vyabhicāra being observable. Thus when the opponent (student; prativādin) is ignorant of the vyāpti, the vyāpti is first to be grasped by means of tarka (as pramāna), and then comes the sādhya-siddhi.
[Comment) According to the Vivrti, the opponents are divided into two groups, and example is considered useful or useless in conformity to these divisions :
I.
One who forgets tho vyāpti (vismrta-sambandha)
External example is useful to mention.