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(a) Anushisht-to praise virtues of a noble person; to make efforts to 4 infuse in masses the tendency to emulate him; and to narrate the
biography or incident that inspires people to be disciplined. For example
Sati Subhadra showed the importance of her chastity, gods praised her 4 and inspired others to emulate her conduct.
(b) Upalambh aharanataddesh-to reproach calmly in sweet words when someone commits a mistake. From wrong path such reproach steers him to the right path. Such reproach is a good method to 4 gain spiritual purity. For example Chandanbala reproached Sadhvi Mrigavati and steered her towards beatitude. Sadhvi Rajimati reproached wavering Rathanemi and established him on the path of ascetic-discipline. Such biographical stories and examples are called upalambh. It is employed with sympathetic intention and not that of condemnation.
(c) Prichchha-to ask questions regarding self or others to an \extremely wise sage in order to understand some unknown subject, or to
remove one's doubts, or to edify masses. For example king Kunik once
asked Bhagavan Mahavir—"Bhagavan ! Where a Chakravarti who has 4 not renounced carnal pleasures reincarnates after death ?" Bhagavan
replied, "Due to his infatuation with carnal pleasures, at worst, he may
reincarnate in the seventh hell." Kunik further asked—"Bhagavan ! 4 After my death where will I reincarnate ?" Bhagavan said "In the sixth \i hell." Kunik-"Am I not a Chakravarti ?" Bhagavan—"No ! Because you
do not have the required fourteen jewels." Then Kunik tried his best to become a Chakravarti by getting prepared replicas of jewels. He marched to conquer Bharat area but was killed at the gate of a cave in Vaitadhya mountain by Kritmal Yaksh to reincarnate in the sixth hell.
This is an example of prichchha jnata. 41 (d) Nihshravachan-to edify or enlighten someone through a third
person. For example in the tenth chapter of Uttaradhyayan Sutra
Bhagavan Mahavir asks all his disciples to be alert always simply by y addressing Gautam—"Even for a moment, Gautam ! Don't be in stupor." 4. Such lesson is called nishravachan.
3. Aharanataddosh-A faulty story, example or argument that 5 defies the desired conclusion. For example-"Sound is eternal and being 4
चतुर्थ स्थान
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