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## 1.34]
**Six-fold division of the world, the life-span of a being**
[1, 5, 25]
**A being of the highest caste becomes a deva. In this way, its time is only an antarmukha (a very short period of time). In the same way, the time of the other three *upashamaka* (pacifiers) should be considered. The special feature is that the *anivrittikarana* (non-return) and *sukshmasampray* (subtle-stream) *gunasthana* (state of being) *upashamaka* should be considered in both ways (ascending and descending), while the *upashantakshaya* (pacified-affliction) *upashamaka* should be considered only in one way (descending).**
**The highest time for all four *upashamaka* is an antarmukha, in comparison to a single being.** [25]
**For example, a non-negligent, restrained being becomes an *apuurvakarana* (non-previous-action) *gunasthana* *upashamaka*. There, it remains for the highest antarmukha time and attains the *anivrittikarana* *gunasthana*. In this way, this highest time for the *apuurvakarana* is obtained in comparison to a single being. In the same way, the highest time for the other three *upashamaka* should be considered.**
**How long are the four *kshapika* (pacifiers) - *apuurvakarana* and the others, and the *ayogikevali* (non-yogic-kevali)? In comparison to many beings, they are from the lowest to an antarmukha time.** [26]
**Seven, eight, or at most one hundred and eight non-negligent, restrained beings become *apuurvakarana* *gunasthana* *kshapika* after the passage of the *aprammatta* (non-negligent) time, and there, they remain for an antarmukha time and become *anivrittikarana* *kshapika*. In this way, in comparison to many beings, that antarmukha measure of time for the *apuurvakarana* *kshapika* becomes the lowest time. In the same way, the lowest time for the *anivrittikarana*, *sukshmasampray*, and *kshinakshaya* *kshapika*, and the *ayogikevali* should be known.**
**The highest time for all four *kshapika* and the *ayogikevali* is an antarmukha, in comparison to many beings.** [27]
**Seven, eight, or many non-negligent, restrained beings become *apuurvakarana* *gunasthana* *kshapika*, and there, they remain for an antarmukha time and become *anivrittikarana* *gunasthana*. At the same time, other non-negligent, restrained beings become *apuurvakarana* *kshapika*. In this way, with the continuous action of the ascending process, repeated many times, the highest time for the *apuurvakarana* *kshapika* is obtained by taking refuge in many beings. In the same way, the natural time for the remaining three *kshapika* and the *ayogikevali* should be considered.**
**The lowest time for all four *kshapika* and the *ayogikevali* is an antarmukha, in comparison to a single being.** [28]