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## 102]
**Chakkhandagam**
This is a work whose later composition is established. However, here, the author of the *Jivasamas* has not mentioned his name anywhere, nor have the later Acharyas mentioned it as the work of a particular Acharya. Rather, it is called "**Purvabhrit-Suri-Sutrit**", which means that when the knowledge of the *Purvas* was prevalent, a previous knowledgeable Acharya, seeing the declining intellect and comprehension of the people, was motivated by compassion and compiled it in the form of verses. This work, flowing through the Acharya tradition, reached Dharasena Acharya. He did not focus on explaining the clear statements in it, but rather elaborated on the hidden meaning of the *Marganas* that were not explained. He discussed them in detail with Bhutbali and Pushpadanta, and they too considered it appropriate to clarify and express this hidden secret in their own works.
Secondly, the verses of this *Jivasamas*, which are the foundation of the eight *Prarupanas*, are found in many texts besides the *Dhavla Tika*, such as the *Uttaraadhyayana*, *Mulachara*, *Acharaanga-Niyukti*, *Prajnapanasutra*, *Prakrit Panchasangrah*, etc. Considering the well-organized, sequential, and coherent composition of the *Jivasamas* on its subject, as its name suggests, it seems illogical to assume that its author compiled these verses from those aforementioned texts into his own work. Instead, it is more logical to say that the creator of the *Jivasamas* was indeed a knower of the 11 *angas* that are the limbs of *Shrutajnana* and the 14 *Purvas*. Even if he was not a *Shruta Kevali*, he had a profound knowledge of a large part of the *angas* and *Purvas*. This is why he was able to make his work so clear and detailed. There is no reason to believe that this work did not reach Dharasena Acharya through the Acharya tradition. Rather, as I mentioned in the introduction to the *Prakrit Panchasangrah*, it is more likely that, like the author of the *Prakrit Panchasangrah*, the *Jivasamas* was also memorized by Dharasena Acharya, and he explained it to both his disciples.
Here, it would not be irrelevant to give a brief introduction to the *Jivasamas*. In the first verse, the twenty-four *Jinavaras* (Tirthankaras) are saluted, and a promise is made to speak about the *Jivasamas*. In the second verse, it is said that the *Jivasamas* should be followed through the six *Anuyogadwaras* of *Nikesha*, *Nirukti*, (instructions, ownership, etc.) and the eight *Anuyogadwaras* of (truth, number, etc.) through the *Marganas* of motion, etc. The third verse lays down the rules for the *Prarupana* of four or many types of *Nikeshas*, including names. The fourth verse states that all *Bhavas* (substances) should be followed through the aforementioned six *Anuyogadwaras*. The fifth verse instructs on the eight *Anuyogadwaras* of truth, number, etc., which are as follows:
**Sant-pay-paruvana-ya davva-pamanam cha khitta-phusana ya | Kalantaram cha bhavo appa-bahu-am cha daraai || 5 ||**