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Naya Philosophy,
255 four the Paryayarthika. This difference is due to the dif. ferent aspects from which the scholars see the thing; and really speaking, it is no differenco, because both the schools consider and accept the arguments of each other. Shree Uma Svati Vachaka includes the 6th Samabhiroodha and the 7th Evambhoota into the 5th Shabda, and gives to Shabda the other name of Samprata. Each of these five or seven Naya 3 can be divided hundredfold; so there can be 500 or 700 Nayas, and if we go further-most there will be innumerable Nayas or aspects, because there are innumerable words, and it is in the beginning said that there are as many Nayas as there are words. All these innumerable Nayas are included in the afore-said seven Nayas. Among these seven Nayas each succeeding Naya is purer and of greater importance than the preceding one.
SAMANTA AND VISHESHA OR THE GENERAL AND SPECIFIC
QUALITIES OF THINGS.
Before we define the seven Nayas, it is necessary to define Samanya and Vishesha which have a great bearing to them. Among other properties, all objects have these two properties also, viz Samanya or the generalizing properties and Vishesha or the differentiating properties.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF SAMANYA AND Vishesha, Suppose there are here lying a certain number of jars; if wa look to them from the stand-point of their general pro. perty-their genus, we shall realize · Jarness' or the quality of their being · Jar 'common in all of them; but if we view them from the aspect of their differantiating properties, we shall feel their qualities different, some jars being large, some small, some of red colour, some of black, some belonging to A, some to B, some made in Japan, some in China, some made for holding butter, some for water, som dear in price, some cheap, some made a year back, some two months back and so on.
