________________ 109 On "Upadhi" CX are confined in the right-side rectangle only. Now, if no part of area CX is allowed to be outside area D and some part of area BX must be outside of it, at least the very part of area BX outside of area D is bound to be outside area CX. Since areas BX and CX are parts of areas B and C, this means that at least some part of area B is bound to be outside area C. (Remember that the inclusionand-exclusion situation inside the left-side rectangle is out of question and that the very part of area BX that is outside of area CX is always to be found in the right-side rectangle.). Well, this is all that we need to know. For, if we know this much, we can safely say that the relation that dharma C is a pervader of dharma B does not hold, and thus the invalidity of the argument of the type, "There is dharma C in dharmin A, because of dharma B," can be pointed out for sure.
