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**From the five astikayas and onwards,**
**241. By what can one be saved from (nothing can save one from it), therefore the division of the world and the non-world will not be proven, but if the movement of the jiva and pudgala and their stationary state are accepted as the external causes of dharma and adharma, then the division of the world and the non-world (is proven). (Therefore dharma and adharma exist.) Dharma and adharma are both distinct from each other due to their separate existence, and are inseparable due to their being in the same field, and they influence the jivas and pudgalas in the entire world in their movement and stationary state in a passive way, therefore they are proof of the world.**
**Commentary:**
**The text shows the reason for the existence of dharma and adharma. What is the cause? The world and the non-world. From what is it born? From the possibility of dharma and adharma, which are naturally inherent. Not only the world and the non-world are born, but also the movement and stationary state of the jivas and pudgalas. How are they? Both dharma and adharma are accepted as two distinct entities, or according to another reading, "amya" (not created by anyone). They are distinct due to their separate existence, and inseparable due to their being in the same field, and they are proof of the world and the non-world.**
**Explanation:**
**The world is a collection of six substances, and the non-world is the pure space outside of it. The existence of the world and the non-world proves the existence of dharma and adharma. If there were no external causes of dharma and adharma in the movement and stationary state of the jivas and pudgalas in the world, then how would movement be prohibited in the outer part of the world? Nothing can prohibit it, therefore the division of the world and the non-world proves the existence of dharma and adharma. What are their characteristics? They are distinct due to their separate existence, and inseparable due to their being in the same field. They are always passive and pervading the entire world, therefore they are proof of the world.**