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It should be kept in mind that the **āyुकर्म** (life-span karma) does not stimulate the **परभव** (previous life), only the **वर्तमान यु** (present life). 173. Question: How do **बद्ध कर्म** (bound karmas) arise? Answer: From the total duration of a karma, subtract the **आबाधाकाल** (period of obstruction). The remaining time is the period in which the karma atoms, according to the **निषेक रचना** (process of maturation), bear fruit and are gradually **निजीणे** (destroyed) - **खिरते** (disappear). After the **आबाधा** (obstruction) is over, in the first **निषेक** (maturation), many karma atoms **खिरते** (disappear), and in subsequent **निषेक** (maturations), they disappear in decreasing numbers. This process continues until the end of the duration of the bound karma. This is the process of **सविपाक निर्जरा** (destruction of karmas with fruition). If, due to **तपश्चरणादि** (austerities, etc.), the opportunity for **अविपाक निर्जरा** (destruction of karmas without fruition) arises, then many karma atoms disappear at once. 574. Question: How does the power of **अनुभाग** (fractional fruition) arise in karmas? Answer: The **अनुभाग बन्ध** (binding of fractional fruition) is in accordance with the **हीनधिकता कषाय** (degree of passion). In **शुभ कर्म** (auspicious karmas), there is more **अनुभाग** (fractional fruition) due to **विशुद्ध परिणाम** (pure result) and **मन्दकषाय रूप परिणाम** (result with mild passion), and less in **अशुभ कर्म** (inauspicious karmas). (63)