Disclaimer: This translation does not guarantee complete accuracy, please confirm with the original page text.
Those which are **akhandapradeshi** - having many undivided **pradeshas** - are called **mukhya kaya**, such as jiva, dharma, adharma, and akasha. (2) Those whose **pradeshas** are divided (**prithak-prithak**), but which have attained unity due to the binding effect of **snigdha-ruksha** qualities, or which have the potential to attain unity due to binding, are called **upcharit kaya**, such as pudgala. **Kaladravya** does not possess either of these qualities. It is not **mukhya kaya** because it is not itself **anekapradeshi**, and it does not have the potential to attain unity due to binding because it does not possess **snigdha-ruksha** qualities. Therefore, **kaladravya** is not **upcharit kaya** either. Thus, excluding **kaladravya**, the remaining five substances - **jiva**, **pudgala**, **dharma**, **adharma**, and **akasha** - are called **panchaastikaya**. **Kaladravya** is not a **kaya** (body), but it is a form of **asti** (existence). 242. Question: How many types of **padartha** (substance) are there? What is their nature? Answer: Fundamentally, there are two **padarthas**: **jiva** and **ajiva**. Both have two types each: **punya** (merit) and **papa** (demerit), making a total of four **padarthas**. **Jiva** and **ajiva** also have five types each: **anava**, **samvara**, **nirjara**, **bandha**, and **moksha** (124).