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Therefore, the philosophers of the afterlife have adopted a specific meaning of karma. They believe that every good and bad deed of ours leaves behind a संस्कार (sanskara), which is called नैयायिक (naiyayik) and बैशेषिक (vaisheshik) धर्माधर्म (dharma-adharma). The Yogis refer to it as आशय (aashaya) and बौद्ध अनुशय (bauddha anushaya). There is a difference in the names used to explain the meaning of karma, but they all imply that beings trapped in the cycle of birth, aging, and death are entangled in ignorance, delusion, and falsehood. Due to this, they are unable to understand the true nature of the world. Therefore, whatever they do is based on ignorance, and they are attached to it with passion and aversion. Hence, every action of theirs becomes a cause of bondage for the soul.
If we summarize the views of these philosophers, it becomes clear that according to them, karma is a name for action or tendency, and at the root of that tendency lies passion and aversion. Although this tendency is momentary, its effect lasts until the time of its fruition. As a result, a tradition of संस्कार (sanskara) leading to tendency and tendency leading to संस्कार (sanskara) continues, and this is called the world. But according to Jain philosophy, the nature of karma is different from these views in some respects. In Jain philosophy, karma is not just a संस्कार (sanskara) but a material substance that, attracted by the action of passion, aversion, and delusion, merges with the soul in the same way that water mixes with milk. Although it is a substance, it is not physical, but its name karma has become established because it is attracted to the soul due to the soul's karma, i.e., निय (niya), and becomes bound to it. This substance is taken in from all six directions, and it is in the जीव प्रदेश (jiva pradesh), the region of the soul.