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## Ownership
**Nārakas** are those who are born in the hellish realm due to the arising of the karma of hellish existence, or those who cause suffering to human beings. Alternatively, they are those who, due to the field of substance, time, and emotion, do not attain love for themselves or others. Nārakas constantly suffer from natural, physical, mental, and other types of pain.
**Generally, 20 natures are considered to be capable of binding for living beings.** Out of these, 55 natures are mentioned in the previous two verses. From the collection of these 55 natures, starting with Devadvika, etc., the 16 natures mentioned in sequence are not capable of binding in the hellish realm. Therefore, generally, 101 natures are considered to be capable of binding. In other words, in the verse where the term "Surarāṇī" appears, the following 19 natures are not capable of binding due to the nature of the hellish beings' existence: (1) Devagati, (2) Ānu-pūrva, (3) Vaikriya-śarīra, (4) Chaikriya-ango-pānga, (5) Āhārak-śarīra, (6) Āhārak-ango-pānga, (7) Devāyu, (8) Narakagati, (9) Narak-ānu-pūrva, (10) Narakāyu, (11) Sūkṣma-nāma, (12) Aparyāpta-nāma, (13) Sādhāraṇa-nāma, (14) Dvīndriya-jāti, (15) Trīndriya-jāti, (16) Chaturindriya-jāti, (17) Ekendriya-jāti, (18) Sthāvara-nāma, and (19) Ātapa-nāma. Therefore, out of the 120 eligible natures, these 19 natures should be subtracted, leaving 101 natures that are generally considered to be capable of binding in the hellish realm.
Because the places where these 19 natures arise are not places where hellish beings can be born after leaving the hellish realm, they are not capable of binding.
1. (a) When the motion of the body is due to the effort of the soul, then it is called "Bhārakā".
(b) The eternal, auspicious, and pleasant results are called "Devāvikriyā".
*Go. Jīvakāṇḍa 146*