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There have been two main factions among these Karmavadi. One faction propounded that the fruits of Karma are inevitable in this life, in future lives and in the afterlife, but for a superior birth and a desirable afterlife, Karma must also be superior. This faction, being a believer in the afterlife and considering heaven as the superior realm and advocating Dharma as the means to attain it, accepted only three Purusharthas: Dharma, Artha, and Kama. It did not have a separate place for Moksha.
Wherever the term "Pravartak Dharma" is mentioned, it is indicative of the mindset of this Tripurushartha faction. This faction was a supporter of the social order, therefore, it indicated a kind of social order by explaining the origin of Dharma in socially acceptable, refined, and inherent conduct and the origin of Adharma from inappropriate conduct. This faction became known as Brahmanmarg, Mimamsak, and Karmakandi. Its meaning in brief is:
Dharma - the fruit of good deeds is heaven and Adharma - the fruit of bad deeds is hell, etc. Dharma and Adharma are called punya-papa and adrishta, and through them, the cycle of birth and death continues, which cannot be eradicated. If it is possible, then it is only possible if one wants to attain a good realm and more happiness, then Dharma is the duty. According to this view, Adharma or sin is to be avoided, but Dharma or virtue is not to be avoided.
The second faction of Karmavadi held a completely opposite view to the above faction. It believed that Karma is indeed the cause of rebirth. The practice of refined, acceptable, and prescribed actions gives rise to Dharma and also leads to heaven, but that Dharma is also completely avoidable, just like Adharma. According to this view, there is a fourth Purushartha, which is called Moksha. It states that Moksha alone is the goal of life and for Moksha, all Karma, whether it be in the form of virtue or sin, is avoidable. It is not that Karma cannot be eradicated. It is also possible with effort.
Wherever the term "Nivartaka Dharma" is mentioned, it is indicative of this view.