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## The First Karma Text
**Verse Meaning:** Due to the attachment to passions (kṣayās) like anger, etc., and non-passions (nokṣayās) like laughter, etc., and to objects, a living being binds both types of character-obscuring karma. And a living being who is multi-beginning, multi-grasping, and has a fierce result, binds the karma of hellish life.
**Detailed Meaning:** The verse explains the causes of binding the character-obscuring karma and the four types of life-karma, specifically the causes of binding hellish life. First, it explains the two types of causes for binding character-obscuring karma.
Character-obscuring karma is of two types, based on passions (kṣayās) and non-passions (nokṣayās). The sixteen types of passion-obscuring karma and the nine types of non-passion-obscuring karma, which were mentioned earlier, are bound by the living being due to their intense results. The binding of individual passions should be understood as follows:
(1) A living being with a mind agitated by the arising of infinite-binding anger, pride, deceit, and greed, binds the sixteen types of infinite-binding, non-rejection-covering, rejection-covering, and burning passions.
(2) A living being who is subjugated by the arising of the four non-rejection-covering passions, binds the twelve passions of non-rejection-covering, rejection-covering, and burning anger, etc.
(3) A living being afflicted by the arising of the four rejection-covering passions, binds the eight passions of rejection-covering and burning anger, etc.
(4) A living being with the four burning passions, binds only the four passions of burning anger, etc.
Here, it should be understood that anger, pride, deceit, and greed...