Disclaimer: This translation does not guarantee complete accuracy, please confirm with the original page text.
## 147
**Predvesha** - Dvesha, Aruchhi, Irsya, Antaravarnavad - these are the knowledge-obscuring and special causes. Their characteristics are as follows:
**First Karma Granth**
1
**Prarupana** - to misrepresent, **Upghat** - destruction, **Ray** - to oppose, **Asatana** - slander, are the ways in which the Darshanavaran karmas bind.
(1) Acting contrary to knowledge, the knower, and the means of knowledge is called **Pratyaniktvam**.
(2) Hiding the name of the human knowledge-giver, the Guru, saying "I did not learn from them even though I was with them" or "I do not know this subject even though I know it" - this kind of false speech is called **Nindrav**.
(3) Destroying books, weapons, fire, etc. is **Upghat**.
(4) Having hatred and aversion towards the knowers and the means of knowledge, instead of love, is **Predvesha**.
(5) Creating obstacles in the means of knowledge practice, preventing students from receiving the benefits of knowledge, food, clothing, space, etc., making them do other work instead of studying - this is called **Antaraya**.
(6) Slandering the knowers, spreading false or hurtful things about them in the world, creating a web of deceit that causes them deep pain - this is **Asatana**.
Besides the above actions, practicing in forbidden times, places, etc., not obeying the Guru, moving books with one's feet, not allowing books to be used properly, and other similar causes and actions...