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Gommatasara Karmakanda-213
A **vikalpa** (alternative) is obtained because it is the cause of **parinaman** (transformation) in the form of **apuurvamukhakar** (unprecedented face) in relation to an **akashapradesh** (space region). Again, when a **sukshmanigodlabdhyaparyapta** (subtle-bodied, sufficient) being is born in the **tiryanch** (animal) realm with the same **jghanya avagahana** (inferior absorption), an **apuurvamukhakar** is obtained. At that time, there is a second **tiryanchgatprayogyanupurvi vikalpa** (alternative based on the previous experience of animal existence). In this way, taking **jghanya avagahana** as the basis, one should cause birth in the **tiryanch** realm with **apuurva-apuurva mukhakar** (unprecedented faces) until **ghnalokpraman** (as many as the atoms in the earth) **tiryanchgatprayogyanupurvi** (alternatives based on the previous experience of animal existence) are obtained. Taking **jghanya avagahana** as the basis, only so many **vikalpas** are available because it is not possible to obtain more **mukhakar** (faces) here. When **sukshmanigodlabdhyaparyapta** beings are born in the **tiryanch** realm with the most **jghanya avagahana**, if there are many new **mukhakar** (faces) in an excellent way, they are **ghnalokpraman** (as many as the atoms in the earth). This is the meaning of the statement. Again, even with the support of one **pradesh** (region) more **sarvajghanya avagahana** (most inferior absorption), there are **ghnalokpraman** (as many as the atoms in the earth) **vikalpas** of **tiryanchgatprayogyanupurvi** (alternatives based on the previous experience of animal existence) called **namakarma** (karma that determines the name and form). Similarly, from two **pradesh** (regions) more **jghanya avagahana** (most inferior absorption) to the **utkrista avagahana** (excellent absorption) of **mahamatsya** (great fish), one should cause the birth of separate **ghnalokpraman** (as many as the atoms in the earth) **vikalpas** of **tiryanchgatprayogyanupurvi** (alternatives based on the previous experience of animal existence) related to all these **avagahana** (absorptions).
Now, subtracting the most **jghanya avagahana** (most inferior absorption) of the **sukshmanigodlabdhyaparyapta** (subtle-bodied, sufficient) being from the **avagahana** (absorption) of the **mahamatsya** (great fish), adding one to the remainder, and multiplying by **ghnalok** (earth) by the number of **asankhyat** (innumerable) parts of a **gul** (finger), there are as many **tiryanchgatyanupurvi** (alternatives based on the previous experience of animal existence) called **namakarma** (karma that determines the name and form) as there are **akashapradesh** (space regions).
**Manushyatyanupurvi** (alternatives based on the previous experience of human existence) is **manushyakshetravipaki** (results in the human realm). **Manushyakshetra** (human realm) is **trisanaali** (three-naali) in size, multiplied by **raju** (a measure of length) and **pratar** (a measure of width), with a **gol** (spherical) diameter of 45 lakh **yojan** (a measure of distance), due to the **paryapta** (sufficient) and **aparyapta** (insufficient) **panchendriya** (five senses) of humans, making it suitable for their birth. It is not called a **chaukor kshetra** (square region) because humans are not born outside the four corners of the **manushottar** (human realm). The **naraki** (hell beings), **tras** (animals), **sthavar** (stationary beings), **karmabhumia** (earth beings), **tiryanch** (animals), **manushya** (humans), and **devamanushya** (divine humans) are born on the six **prithvi** (earths) of the **adi** (beginning). They do not leave their previous form due to the **udaya** (rise) of **manushyanupurvi** (alternatives based on the previous experience of human existence). Therefore, multiplying the **jghanya avagahana** (most inferior absorption) by the **asankhyat** (innumerable) part of a **gul** (finger) gives the first **bhed** (difference), and multiplying the **utkrista avagahana** (excellent absorption) by the **sankhyat** (countable) **ghanagul** (cubic finger) gives the last **bhed** (difference). Therefore, according to the **sutra** (aphorism) "**adi ante sudde**" (the beginning and end are pure), subtracting the beginning from the end, dividing by one, and adding one, gives the number of **bhed** (differences) of **manushyanupurvi** (alternatives based on the previous experience of human existence).
1. A **sukshmanigodlabdhyaparyapta** (subtle-bodied, sufficient) being is born in the **manushya** (human) realm from the **jghanya avagahana** (most inferior absorption) by the **asankhyat** (innumerable) part of a **gul** (finger) with **vigrahgati** (body movement). Here, one **vikalpa** (alternative) of **manushyatigatprayogyanupurvi** (alternatives based on the previous experience of human existence) is obtained.
1. **Dhaval Pustak** 13, p. 378