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## 660 Go. Sa. Jivakanda
## Gatha 563
The inner-most state of being (antaranga) was in the form of liberation (nittī) in one time period. In another time period, other inner-most states of being (ātma-pradeśa) became the form of liberation. In a third time period, other inner-most states of being became the form of liberation. In this way, due to the changing of the inner-most states of being (ātma-pradeśa) as evidenced by the eye sense, those children (souls) appear to be wandering through earth and other elements. Just as a passenger sitting in a fast-moving train sees trees and other things moving.
**Doubt:** Are the inner-most states of being (ātma-pradeśa) of all souls (jīva) unchanging (acal)?
**Solution:** The inner-most states of being (ātma-pradeśa) of a liberated soul (ayogakevalī) remain unchanging. The inner-most states of being (ātma-pradeśa) of a liberated soul (prayogakevalī) are subject to change due to their connection with the karmic matter (pudgala) through the process of combination (saṁśleṣa). Therefore, a liberated soul (prayogakevalī) is embodied (mūrtika). A liberated soul (siddhā jīva) is disembodied (amūrtika).
**The matter (pudgala) is moving:** The matter (pudgala) is moving from the smallest particle (aṇu) to the countless (saṁkhyāta), innumerable (asaṁkhyāta), and infinite (ananta) particles. All the aggregates (skandha) are moving, but the regions of the final great aggregate (mahāskandha) are both moving and unchanging (chalāchal). || 563 ||
**Meaning of the Gatha:** The matter (pudgala) is moving from the smallest particle (aṇu) to the countless (saṁkhyāta), innumerable (asaṁkhyāta), and infinite (ananta) particles. All the aggregates (skandha) are moving, but the regions of the final great aggregate (mahāskandha) are both moving and unchanging (chalāchal). || 563 ||
**Special Meaning:** The words action (kriyā), force (bala), and state of being (asthiti) are synonyms. The matter of dharma (dharma dravya), the matter of adharma (adharma dravya), the matter of space (ākāśa dravya), and the matter of time (kāla dravya) are formless (arūpī) and therefore unchanging (niṣkriya). However, the embodied (saṁsārī) soul (jīva dravya) and the matter (pudgala dravya) are changing (chal) or active (kriyāvān) (Gatha 561). The embodied soul (jīva dravya) was discussed in Gatha 562. This Gatha discusses the activity of the matter (pudgala dravya).
**Doubt:** What is action (kriyā)?
**Solution:** Action (kriyā) is the change (paryāya) of the matter (dravya) from one region (kṣetra) to another region (kṣetrāntara) due to internal (antaranga) and external (bahiranga) causes. Action (kriyā) is the change (paryāya) in the form of pulsation (pariṣpanda) that is the cause of the attainment of another region (pradeśāntara-prāpti).
The matter (pudgala) that remains with external means (bahiranga sādhana) is active (kriyāvān).
**Doubt:** What are the external means (bahiranga sādhana) in the action (kriyā) of the matter (pudgala)?
**Solution:** The external means (bahiranga sādhana) in the action (kriyā) of the matter (pudgala) particles (aṇu) and aggregates (skandha) is time (kāla). Just as all souls (jīva) who become liberated (siddhā) by being devoid of karmic matter (pudgala) and non-karmic matter (nokarma) become free from action (kriyā) because they are devoid of external means (bahiranga sādhana). However, this does not happen with the matter (pudgala) because time (kāla) is always present. Due to time (kāla), the matter (pudgala) continues to act as much as possible.
**Great Aggregate (Mahāskandha)**
1. Jayadhaval Pu. 1 p. 43; Ghaghala' Pu. 1 p. 262; Pu. 14 p. 45; Pu. 15 p. 32, Pu. 16 p. 512.
2. "The change (paryāya) of the matter (dravya) that arises due to both internal (antaranga) and external (bahiranga) causes is the cause of the attainment of another region (kṣetrāntara-prāpti) and is action (kriyā)." [Sarvārthasiddhi 5/7].
3. "The change (paryāya) in the form of pulsation (pariṣpanda) that is the cause of the attainment of another region (pradeśāntara-prāpti) is action (kriyā)." [Pañcārītakā Gāthā Ṭīkā].