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## Verse 58-561
**Samyaktvamarga-ga:** 657
"They are inactive." This means they do not move from one region to another. They are intangible because they are devoid of qualities like time-atoms and form.
It is written in the Parikarma that by repeatedly squaring the number of all living beings, one obtains the infinite expanse of the universe, which is the number of all pudgala dravyas, i.e., the number of pudgala atoms. Again, by repeatedly squaring the number of all pudgala dravyas, one obtains the infinite expanse of the universe, which is the number of all times, i.e., the number of all times in the experiential time. Again, by repeatedly squaring the number of all times, one obtains the infinite expanse of the universe, which is the number of all sky-series, i.e., the number of regions in the sky-series. From this, it is known that there are infinite jivas, and there are infinite times the number of pudgala dravyas than jivas, and there are infinite times the number of experiential times than pudgala dravyas. There are also infinite times the number of regions of space than experiential times. The measure of the multiplier is the infinite expanse of the universe.
Although dharma dravya, adharma dravya, and a-meed are as large as the earth, they are countless. The regions of one jiva are equal to the regions of the universe. They are countless because they cannot be counted, i.e., they have exceeded the limits of counting. A region is the space occupied by one indivisible atom. Dharma dravya and adharma dravya are present throughout the countless-region universe, therefore they are inactive.
During the time of the Kevali's complete liberation, the intermediate regions of the jivas are located in the regions of the earth, below Mount Sumeru, and between the Citra earth and the Bacha patala. The rest of the jivas' regions are spread out in all directions throughout the universe.
Although a dravya is indivisible, it is not a composite dravya like a pot, but its region is real, not metaphorical. The space occupied by a pot is not the same as the space occupied by a patala, etc. They are different. Patna is in a different region of space than Mathura. If space were not regional, Patna and Mathura would be in the same place.
**Doubt:** Is the concept of regionality in dharma dravya, etc., measured by the space occupied by a pudgala atom? Therefore, should we believe that they do not have their own regions?
**Solution:** Dharma dravya, etc., are beyond the senses, they are indirect, therefore, even though they have their own regions, we cannot know them directly. Therefore, they are measured by the size of an atom.
**Doubt:** There are nine types of countless, which one should we use for them?
1. "Kalaranavo nishkriya:" [Sarvarthasiddhi 5/36].
2. "Rupadiguṇāvirahadamūrtāḥ." [Sarvarthasiddhi 5/36].
3. Dhavala Pu. 13 p. 262-263 "Dharmaadharmakajīvāstulyāsan̄khyesa pradeśāḥ"| S. Si. 5/8).
4. "Prasankhyeyāḥ pradeśā dharmadharmakajīvānām. ||5/8||"[N.Su.].
5. "Lokākāśatulyapradeṇāḥ." [Ra. Va. 5/16/1].
6. Ra. Va.